Benefits of Post 9/11 Security Measures Fails to Outway Harm on Personal Freedom and Privacy

Essay

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Discussion and self reflection assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Discussion and self reflection assignment - Essay Example We agreed that a leader must be knowledgeable, resourceful and assertive. Analysis of the article. The article about Sustaining Leadership was helpful. It was an eye-opener to learn and understand the importance of a healthy work environment and patient outcomes. Nurses must be taken good care of in the workplace since this would reflect in their service to the patients. President Obama’s speech touched many listener’s hearts including mine. Through his speech, he showed exemplary characteristicsthat a leader must have. His burden is heavy since he is serving a nation, and I feel the same way too. As a nurse, I mus be able to provide the â€Å"best possible care to the public†. By doing so, there are leadership qualities that I must possess so I can be an effective nurse. The first thing I observed about Obama’s speech is that he has a complete understanding of himself, his position, and the current crisis that America faces. He is not denying that there is a problem and that America can handle all its problems. In fact, Obama is humble to accept the mistakes that have been made by his predecessors. I admire his honesty and integrity as a leader. Honesty is a much needed trait in world leaders since many issues in ethics have caused the downfall of big companies such as Enron. As a nurse, I must be honest and ethical in my transactions with the patients, doctors as well as other members of my profession. I also admire Obama’s good communication skills since he is able to present to the people the issues objectively and with conviction. He shares his vision with the nation which makes everyone feel responsible for the country’s recovery. Thus, I also believe that a good nurse must be able to communicate effectively to people around her. A nurse is part of a team and one must be able to share the responsibility in providing quality health care even under difficult circumstances. Having good communication skills would greatly enhance my

HMLS 302 Case Study Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

HMLS 302 Case Study - Essay Example ers to drones as Unmanned Aerial Vehicles, UAV’s, which it claims will enhance the effective response to national and international matters such as disaster, homicide, terrorism, rescue operations, and various other situations that require an overhead surveillance approach, mostly in security (Homeland Security News Wire, 2012). The Bill signed into law by President Obama after Congress passed it in February 2012 requires of the military and security bodies to develop and fine-tune the not-so-common-now technology, referring to it as a necessary and significant step in advancing America’s aerial surveillance and security. In addition, the permission will extend to private and commercial UAV’s that will see them access the airspace above America which is currently ruled by manned aeroplanes. The explanation of this is that such measures will enhance the landings and take-offs of planes which currently rely on out of date and complex systems (Wagstaff, 2012). The following discussion will highlight the key controversies of this debate that circle within safety and privacy of the wider American population in regards to the UAV technology. It is unclear whether the debates arise from a foreshadowed implication that is likely to arise from the use of UAV’s or due to lacking knowledge regarding their handling and operation. It is however important to come to terms with what drones really are, how they operate and what their largest implications are likely to be. Commonly known as drones, these technological giants are referred to as Unmanned Aerial Vehicles or Remotely Piloted Air Systems by security bodies such as the Homeland Security Department. Unknown to many, drones have been in existence for a while, only that their use has been in small-scale discreet (military) operations such as hunting down and tracking wanted personnel in terrorist bases such as Pakistani. The original idea of creating drones was to use them in areas termed as difficult or too

Gendering the Mythic World - Greek myth Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Gendering the Mythic World - Greek myth - Essay Example It gives the information about the origin of all natural phenomena and mostly reflects the lives of ancient gods and heroes. The predominance of mythological consciousness refers mainly to the archaic era, associated primarily with its cultural life in the system of sense organization, where myth played a dominant role. In myths, people consider the events in a particular time sequence. However, the most important place takes not the frames of time, but starting point and essence of the story. Later Greek poets of early antiquity refused to use irony in relation to the myths, but exposed them to strong recycling, elevated by the laws of morality. In the mythological world, authors represent peace as the tribal community that unites its members. It forms a common model of life and behavior. â€Å"Classical Greek culture was strongly marked by gender segregation. Generally, the public sphere was associated with men, the domestic, with women. This segregation arises from Greek ideas ab out the human body and the biological differences between males and females. Although women’s bodies and voices were strictly controlled or semi-secluded in most areas of ancient Greek public life, women did have important public roles in one area: religious ritual. While women worshipped both male and female divinities and acted as priestesses in cult even as men acted as priests, performing many of the same activities, Greek ideas about the body affected ritual aspects of nonverbal behavior, especially regarding clothing, voice, and gesture† (Calef, S., 2009). The gender relationships in ancient Greek are one of the most interesting issues for the modern scientists. They predetermined the main peculiarities of coexistence of mortals and gods in the ancient world. The aim of this work is to analyze gender relationships in ancient Greek and their valuable features on the basis of myths. In ancient

Life Cycle Assessment of Natural Rubber Wellies

Life Cycle Assessment of Natural Rubber Wellies LCA Boundaries and Assumptions: A hypothetical situation was created to symbolize a likely life cycle for a pair of Joules brand rubber boots. Therefore, Thailand was chosen as a source of natural rubber as one of the worlds largest producers. China was chosen as the Joules company website clearly states their products are handmade in China. I contacted the company to see if they could give me information on the location of their manufacturing facility but they could not divulge this. Transportation distances are based on locations of busy forts, shipment through the Suez Canal, and appropriate distances from major ports to smaller retailers within the UK. Another assumption is that these boots are made of 100% natural leather with chemical inputs rather than a mix of synthetic and natural rubber to make the life cycle less complex. Greenhouse gases are considered for processing facilities and transportation but not the footprints of the construction of these facilities and equipment. Also, it is assumed the boots are not recycled or reused and instead, immediately disposed of in a landfill. The working conditions of factory workers in the manufacturing of this product are not specific to the creation of this particular project but the industry overall and facts concerning the presence of rubber in landfills pertains to all forms of rubber (dominated by tires). Step 1: Rubber plantation growth and latex extraction Description of step The sap of the rubber tree, or Hevea brasiliensis, known as latex is tapped by diagonally cutting across the trees bark and allowing the sap to drain (Peeples, 2016). The maturity time for a rubber tree is seven years (Yujie et al., 2012). About 300 ml of latex sap can be harvested from one rubber tree each day (Anjitha, 2013). Over 90% of the worlds rubber plantations are found in Southeast Asia (Gamaralalage, Sawai, and Nunours, 2016; Rubber Manufacturers Association, n.d.). Thailand and Indonesia each produce about one third of annual global rubber production (Ives, 2013). Southeast Asia is only home to 1.5% of historically valuable areas for growth of rubber trees but currently produces 97% of the worlds natural rubber resources (Ahrends et al., 2015). planting in sub optimal regions does lead to crop failures Environmental Impacts Climate Topsoil erosion on monoculture plantations à ¯Ã†â€™Ã‚   decreased soil carbon sequestration (Ives, 2013). Climate Change likely to lead to unpredictable weather patterns and monsoon periods à ¯Ã†â€™Ã‚   increasing vulnerability of plantations Large-scale plantation failures in Southern China were linked to drought and/or unexpectedly cold winters in 2008, 2010, and 2013 (Ahrends et al., 2015). Indonesia has faced periods of drought and forest fires that have negatively affected the industry (Suwannakji, 2015). Water Large amounts of fertilizers and herbicides used on rubber plantations à ¯Ã†â€™Ã‚   eutrophication of local rivers with increase in nitrogen and phosphorus contributions (Gamaralalage, Sawai, and Nunoura, 2016). Terrestrial Ecosystems and Animals Rubber plantations increasingly planted on steeper hillsides à ¯Ã†â€™Ã‚   monsoon season occurs à ¯Ã†â€™Ã‚   washout of topsoil, altered pH levels of streams, eutrophication (Kaiyoorawong and Yangdee, 2006) Asian Development Bank reported that in the Xishuangbanna region of China each hectare of rubber plantation loses an estimated 22.5 tons of soil per year (Ives, 2013). Loss of Biodiversity Many rain forests converted to monoculture plantations (Liu et al., 2006; Li et al., 2007) Yunnan Province in China, known for great emergence of rubber industry is also home worlds most northern tropical forests, one fifth of Chinas mammals, and one third of its birds (Ives, 2013). Loss of forest land cover linked to loss of habitat for species In the Yunnan Province of China, plantations are destroying habitats of the Asian elephant and white-checked gibbons (Ives, 2013). Loss of protected environmental lands From 2005 to 2010, more than 610 square km of protected areas were converted to plantation in Southeast Asia (Ahrends et al., 2015). Harm to aquatic environments Eutrophication in water bodies leads to large-scale algal blooms which die and consume all of the available dissolved oxygen in aquatic environments as they decompose, leading to the collapse of ecosystems and die-off. Human Health and Societal Impacts Workers on plantations have no knowledge of the market and are controlled by the landowners that employ them. Price fluctuations can have very fast and damaging effects on tapping communities (Ahrends et al., 2015). Long work hours combined with a lack of autonomy lead to less life satisfaction. Chinese landowners and companies have begun buying up land on the Malay Peninsula. This means profit from sap no longer stays within local communities (Ahrends et al., 2015). Plays into long-term tension in which richer China and Thailand have a tendency to exploite the poorer Laos and Myanmar for resources (Sturgeon, 2013). Deforestation and local environmental change are linked to the harm of local ethnic communities, notably in China (Liu et al., 2006). Increase in malaria cases on plantations plantations provide breeding habitats for mosquitoes including latex-collecting cups and water storage containers (Tangena et al., 2016). In Thailand and Indonesia, 30-40% of all malaria cases annually are linked to farmers and those associated with the agricultural industry (Bhumiratana et al., 2013). Health issues failing eyesight for tappers who generally work through the night in SEA with limited light, eye and skin irritation and respiratory issues from spraying chemicals without protection, and inadequate rest (Kaiyoorawong and Yangdee, 2006). Step 2: Transport of sap barrels to processor facility Huge tanks on pick-up trucks transport sap to processing facilities not far from plantations (Chaiear, 2010). Environmental Impacts Climate considerations for greenhouse gases created from the burning of fossil fuels, notably carbon dioxide Air release of particulate matter, nitrous oxides, etc. that contribute to air pollution Human Health and Societal Impacts Often the people who own the processing facility also own the plantations as one dominated supply chain in which workers have little decision making power. Trade unions have struggled in some countries because companies will just lay off tons of workers to break them up (Kaiyoorawong and Yangdee, 2006). Vehicles used are often old and unsafe from a lack of proper maintenance. A lack of proper infrastructure and safe roadways from plantation to processing facility can increase the risk of fatal car accidents. Step 3: Processing and production of rubber sheets Description of steps: Coagulation collected latex for trees is put into larger tanks and formic acid is added à ¯Ã†â€™Ã‚   latex is allowed to coagulate (takes about 12 hours), product known as coagulum à ¯Ã†â€™Ã‚   coagulum is squeezed through a series of rolls to drive out water, product is soft solid slabs (Anjitha, 2013) Smoking Pressed coagulum is draped over wooden frames and smoked in smokehouses à ¯Ã†â€™Ã‚   several days to dry, result is known as ribbed smoked sheets Can also be done by drying coagulum outside in sun, product is air dried sheets and are better grade (Anjitha, 2013) Environmental Impacts Air There is a lot of particulate matter generated particularly in the smoking stage. Particulate matter can affect growth of nearby plantations and cause human respiratory issues (Anjitha, 2013). Water Water pollution from coagulation process which is very acidic and contains high levels of nitrogen and ammonia (Edirisinghe, 2014). Issues associated with eutrophication and additional potential for groundwater contamination can be considered for this step. Terrestrial Ecosystems Smoking stage requires the burning of a lot of local wood exacerbates the threat of deforestation and loss of biodiversity Human Health and Societal Impacts Low hygiene in production facilities no gloves worn in chemical coagulation treatment (Gamaralalage, Sawai, and Nunoura, 2016). Facilities are likely not cleaned routinely and potential hazards are likely not cleared often. Dizziness among workers from daily exposure to ammonia (Gamaralalage, Sawai, and Nunoura, 2016). Debate about economic gain vs. environmental detriment Some community members in Yunnan Province of China acknowledged environmental harm but said they needed and appreciated the economic gain from the rubber industry (Ives, 2013). The average middle class factory worker in Indonesia makes $8.60 per day and $6.70 in Vietnam (Jiaxong and Yangon, 2015). Very low wages and very dangerous conditions for other careers Another study of the garment industry found the hourly wages for factory workers to be; $0.13 per hour in Bangladesh, $0.26 per hour in Vietnam, and $0.44 per hour in China (Powell and Skarbek, 2004) These have likely risen since 2004 but the proportions still likely remain similar Step 4: Transport of sheets to Chinese manufacturer Ten of the busiest ports in the world are in China with Shanghai being the busiest (Jiaxing and Yangon, 2015). choice for this exercise Environmental Impacts Climate Greenhouse gas emissions need to be considered However, maritime shipping is the worlds most carbon-efficient form of transporting goods (Helms, 2013). Air The largest 15 ships in the world emit as much nitrogen oxide and Sulphur oxide as the worlds 760 million cars. There are few regulations for smoke stack emissions on these ships (Helms, 2013). Human Health and Societal Impacts Price at port dominated by China who control demand for rubber as the worlds largest manufacturer and user (Kaiyoorawong and Yangdee, 2006). Often those working on shipping vessels work long hours and spend many days away from home. This career would make it difficult to have a healthfully functioning family. Step 5: Manufacturing, final product assembly, and packaging Description of steps: Compound mixing Chemicals additive liquid mixture including fillers, vulcanization activators, and accelerators are added to rubber (Anjitha, 2013). There are typically between five and twenty additives in most rubbers one example is carbon black which is used as a reinforcing filler (Forrest, 2015). Shaping consists of 4 main processes Extrusion, Calendaring, Coating, Molding Consists of very large machines used to clean rubber, chop it into pellets, pressurize it, and form it into new sheets under high pressure resulting forms of rubber are specific to industry needs and product dimensions (Anjitha, 2013) Vulcanization Process that allows additives to react with rubber to give it its stiffer, stronger, heat and cold tolerant characteristics subject to very high temperatures (Anjitha, 2013) Liners for boots are spun from polyester yarn A machine spins the form (Guney, 2013) Liner and inner rubber form are formed outer rubber pieces are applied (Nicholson, 2011) several steps and product checks here Company labels applied (Guney, 2013) Packaging with cardboard outer box and paper interior packaging (Guney, 2013) Handmade likely means exterior rubber and sole placement is done by hand but machines still provide greater efficiency at each step (Nicholson, 2013) Environmental Impacts Air There is a terrible odor associated with rubber processing associated with ammonia and other, potentially toxic, compounds (Ives, 2013). Over 30 different potentially harmful chemicals have been found in rubber processing fumes include highly volatile hydrocarbons, amines, aldehydes, aerosols, etc. (Forrest, 2015). Although the Joules company claims to be handmade, it is almost guaranteed that many steps of the production process are partially mechanized. This means all of the machines are powered by fossil fuels that emit greenhouse gases when burned (Also linked to climate) Climate Large amount of VOCs created in aforementioned manufacturing processes (Anjitha, 2013). Ozone depleting substances have been found in coatings and adhesives used in some factories (Anjitha, 2013). Other gases produced from the rubber industry include carbon dioxide, nitrous oxides, and carbon monoxide (Akrill et al., 2002). Water Industry produces effluents that are not properly treated in many situations and released directly into surrounding environments à ¯Ã†â€™Ã‚   groundwater pollution (Hamid et al., 2016) potential impacts to aquatic environments and collapse of communities similar to those mentioned above Ex: Sri Lanka small operations on the island contribute a majority of rubber do not have access to adequate water treatment facilities à ¯Ã†â€™Ã‚   disgusting odor of water linked to effluent discharge, decreased water quality (Gamaralalage, Sawai, and Nunoura, 2016). Lead has also been found in dangerous amounts in effluent discharge (Akrill et al., 2002). Human Health and Societal Impacts The machines and knives used in extrusion pose occupational hazards for workers whose hands can get trapped when machines get clogged (Hamid et al., 2016). Very loud machines throughout the final processing stages can cause ear drum damage for workers who are not given proper means for ear protection (Akrill et al., 2016). Many negative health effects found: (Anjitha, 2013; Akrill et al., 2002; Ke and Shunzhang, 2002; Chaiear, 2010) Deaths from bladder, stomach, lung, and other cancer in rubber industry- companies claim it is difficult to link to specific chemicals or worker roles, but black carbon, for example, known to be carcinogenic Benzene exposure linked specifically to leukemia in electronics manufacturers benzene also used in rubber manufacturing (Blanding and White, 2015) Skin rashes and other irritation Adverse respiratory effects including chest tightness, shortness of breath, chronic cough, etc Birth defects were also experienced in women pregnant during their work in the rubber industry. The negative health effects of the rubber industry were first studied back in the 1950s (Uchida et al., 1993). The issues are still not being effectively dealt with. The Chinese government often underreports workplace-related accidents and illnesses. Companies attempt to use whatever loopholes available to avoid paying workers compensation and one-time settlements are commonly pushed. The Chinese healthcare system is also inefficient and workers are caught in a complex web (Blanding and White, 2015). Work place accidents are common due to the mishandling of highly volatile and flammable components à ¯Ã†â€™Ã‚   freqent explosions and associated health impacts and fatalities (Hamid et al., 2016; Chaiear, 2010). Total vision loss for some workers was reported in a massive rubber production zone. The most likely cause was black carbon exposure (Hamid et al., 2016). Increasing suicide rates in Chinas manufacturing industry linked to long work hours and repetitive nature of work (Smyth et al., 2013). One study for hours worked for migrant workers in China showed 40% worked 40-60 hours per week, 25% working 70 hours per week and 7% working more than 70 hours. The mean was 55.5 hours per week (Feng et al., 2002). Many migrant workers are also not part of the workers compensation system in China allowing companies to exploit them and not be held responsible at health for paying medical bills, lost wages, etc. (Blanding and White, 2015). Rationale for products not being handmade in the UK Chinas factories are far cheaper than in other rich nations. Many workers get paid right at the minimum wage which is about one quarter of that in the US. Many companies are moving farther inland in China for even cheaper wages in previously poor rural areas (Jiaxing and Yangon, 2015). Also, studies have found multinational companies offer higher wages and a better standard of living than domestic subcontractors would offer. Therefore, many view the system as important for a better lifestyle (Powell and Skarbek, 2004). Step 6: Transport of final product to port Environmental Impacts similar to Step 2 but the distances traveled are likely longer putting more stress on people are work many long hours away from home Step 7: Shipment of product to the UK Environmental Impacts similar to step 4, assuming freight is coming through the Port of Felixstowe, the UKs largest port (World Shipping council, 2017) Step 8: Transport to UK seller facility Environmental Impacts similar to step 2 and 6 Step 9: Product use Environmental Impacts not very relevant when in the use of the consumer other than considering that people needed to drive to the store or have products delivered from online by truck the previous greenhouse gas emissions and air polluters are also included here (I chose not to include treatments and additional waterproofing coatings sometimes added, but they can contain chemicals potentially leading to air and water pollution.) Human Health and Societal Impacts Company marketing makes one think that the product is handmade by a UK company, but upon further examination it is obvious the product was made in China. After contacting the company, I know it is very difficult to know the origins of any of the natural resources or where the product is actually manufactured. Also, the marketing of Joules attempts to market to rural communities in terms or durability and will show farms in adds, but also market to more posh urban consumers with bright colors, patterns, and bows in designs. Joules has fewer products marketed on their site than many other brands and so want to appear as a timeless brand. However, they still advertise new lines and products differ by year. This is still breeding a consumption culture of needing the new and different design rather than keeping the boots for an extended lifetime. Step 10: Disposal Description of step Although rubber boots could be reused and can have a potentially long lifetime with one consumer, we are skipping directly to disposal in a landfill. There are over 200 million waste tires in the US alone taken to landfills each year. Rubber only makes up less than 8% of total US landfill composition (Clark, 2013). There is also waste from all of the other production processes that is also likely transported to landfills or not disposed of the most environmentally conscious way. For example, the cardboard and paper packaging could be recycled, but for this case, I will assume the consumer fails to do so. Undesirable rubber sheets due to insect accumulation or products made incorrectly likely go to landfills as well, piling up as workplace hazards in factories before disposal. However, this is the consumer usually does not consider. Environmental Impacts Water Natural rubber would be biodegradable before treating but additives and layers apply make this unlikely in landfills. Chemical additives can leach out of improperly sealed landfills à ¯Ã†â€™Ã‚   water pollution (Clark, 2013) Climate Natural rubber in landfills, if able to biodegrade will still contribute to methane creation within landfills. Human Health and Societal Impacts Countries like the UK with very limited land area need to make tough decisions as a society about how to ethically and efficiently deal with issues of waste. Therefore, in this way each consumer is affected. References Ahrends, A., Hollingsworth, P. M., Ziegler, A. D., Fox, J. M., Chen, H., Su, Y., and Xu, J. (2015) Current trends of rubber plantation expansion may threaten biodiversity and livelihoods. Global Environmental Change, 34, 48-58. doi:10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2015.06.002. Akrill, P., Cocker, J. and Dixon, S. (2002) Occupational exposure in the rubber manufacturing industry. IARC, 134: 265-269. Anjitha, G. (2013) Rubber and environment. Sri Lanka Insitute of Information, Technology. Academia.edu. from http://www.academia.edu/6391326/Rubber_and_environment [12.2.17] Bhumiratana, A., Sorosjinda-Nunthawarasilp, P., Kaewwaen, W., Maneekan, P., and Pimnon, S. (2013) Malaria-associated rubber plantations in Thailand. Travel Medicine and Infectious Disease, 11(1), 37-50. doi:http://dx.doi.org.ezproxy1.allegheny.edu:2048/10.1016/j.tmaid.2012.11.002. Blanding, M., and White, H. (2015) How China is screwing over its poisoned factory workers. Wired. https://www.wired.com/2015/04/inside-chinese-factories/#slide-3 [5.3.17]. Chaiear, N. (2010) Update on health and safety in the rubber industries. GB: Ismithers Rapra. Clark, T. (2013) Advancements in rubber disposal: Biodegradation and the environment. ENSO Plastics, LLC. International Latex Conference 2013. ://www.linkedin.com/pulse/20140501222120-11496812-advancements-in-rubber-disposal-biodegradation-and-the-environment [27.2.17] Edirisinghe, J. C. (2014) Taxing the pollution: A case for reducing the environmental impacts of rubber production in Sri Lanka. Journal of South Asian Development, 9(1), 71-90. doi:10.1177/0973174113520585. Forrest, M. (2015) The composition and nature of vulcanisation fumes in the rubber industry A technical review. Progress in Rubber, Plastics and Recycling Technology, 31(4), 219-264. Gamaralalage, D., Sawai, O., and Nunoura, T. (2016) Effectiveness of available wastewater treatment facilities in rubber production industries in sri lanka.International Journal of Environmental Science and Development, 7(12), 940-945. doi:http://dx.doi.org.ezproxy1.allegheny.edu:2048/10.18178/ijesd.2016.7.12.908. Guney, I. (2013) How its made: rubber boots. Discovery Channel. Youtube.com. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BuSWAMxdcHg [25.2.17]. Hamid, A., Saeed, I., Akhtar, S., and Ahmad, S. R. (2016) Environmental profile of a rubber industry. Nature Environment and Pollution Technology, 15(3), 957-961. Helms, J. (2013) Worlds 15 biggest ships create more pollution than all the cars in the world. Industry Tap News. http://www.industrytap.com/worlds-15-biggest-ships-create-more-pollution-than-all-the-cars-in-the-world/8182 [28.2.17]. Ives, M. (2013) The rise of rubber takes toll on forests of southwest china. Yale Environment 360 (E360). http://e360.yale.edu/features/the_rise_of_rubber_takes_toll_on_forests_of_southwest_china [12.2.17]. Jiaxing and Yangon. (2015) The future of factory Asia: A tightening grip. The Economist. http://www.economist.com/news/briefing/21646180-rising-chinese-wages-will-only-strengthen-asias-hold-manufacturing-tightening-grip [26.2.17]. Kaiyoorawong, S. and Yangdee, B. (2006) Rights of rubber farmers in Thailand under free trade. Project for Ecological Awareness Building. http://wrm.org.uy/oldsite/countries/Thailand/Rights_of_rubber_farmers_in_Thailand.pdf [27.2.17] Ke, L., and Shunzhang, Y. (2002) Mortality in a Chinese rubber factory: A prospective cohort study. Journal of Occupational Health, 44(2), 76-82. doi:10.1539/joh.44.76. Li, H., Aide, T. M., Ma, Y., Liu, W., Cao, M. (2007) Demand for rubber is causing the loss of high diversity rain forest in SW China. Biodiversity and Conservation, 16(6), 1731-1745. doi:10.1007/s10531-006-9052-7. Liu, W., Hu, H., Ma, Y., Li, H. (2006). Environmental and socioeconomic impacts of increasing rubber plantations in Menglun Township, southwest China. Mountain Research and Development, 26(3), 245-248,250-253. Nicholson, J. (2011) Boot assembly operations. Youtube.com. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=H0nDuWIp3K0 [25.2.17]. Peeples, L. (2016) The origin of rubber boots. Scientific American. The Sciences Online. https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/origin-rubber-boots-amazonian-indians-goodyear/ [25.2.17]. Powell, B. and Skarbek, D. (2004) Sweatshops and third world living standards: are the jobs worth the sweat? The Independent Institute. http://www.independent.org/publications/working_papers/article.asp?id=1369 [5.3.17]. Rubber Manufacturers Association (RMA). (n.d.). Rubber faqs. RMA online. https://rma.org/about-rma/rubber-faqs/ [12.2.17]. Smyth, R., Qian, X., Nielsen, I., and Kaempfer, I. (2013) Working hours in supply chain Chinese and Thai factories: Evidence from the fair labor associations Soccer project. British Journal of Industrial Relations, 51(2), 382-408. doi:10.1111/j.1467-8543.2011.00881.x. Sturgeon, J. C. (2013) Cross-border rubber cultivation between China and Laos: Regionalization by Akha and Tai rubber farmers: Cross-border rubber cultivation. Singapore Journal of Tropical Geography, 34(1), 70-85. doi:10.1111/sjtg.12014. Suwannakij, S. (2015) Too much rubber, too few tires leaves tappers in a sticky place. Bloomberg Markets. https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2015-12-29/too-much-rubber-too-few-tires-leaves-tappers-in-a-sticky-place [26.2.17]. Tangena, J. A., Thammavong, P., Wilson, A. L., Brey, P. T., and Lindsay, S. W. (2016) Risk and control of mosquito-borne diseases in southeast Asian rubber plantations. Trends in Parasitology, 32(5), 402-415. doi:10.1016/j.pt.2016.01.009. Uchida, Y., Nakatsuka, H., Ukai, H., Watanabe, T., Liu, Y. T., Huang, M. Y., and Ikeda, M. (1993) Symptoms and signs in workers exposed predominantly to xylenes. International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health, 64(8), 597-605. World Shipping Council. (2017) About the industry: top 50 world container ports. World Shipping Council. http://www.worldshipping.org/about-the-industry/global-trade/top-50-world-container-ports [28.2.17]. Yujie, Z., Jusheng, J., Zongbo, P., Qunhui, W., and Daiqun, X. (2012) Ecosystem management in the natural rubber industry. Journal of Resources and Ecology, 3(3), 230-235. doi:10.5814/j.issn.1674-764x.2012.03.005.

Spanking :: essays research papers

Does Spanking Lead Child Abuse?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Were you spanked as a child? Do you think spanking effected you? Every parent has been in a situation where a good spanking seems like the only way to put an end to little Junior’s temper tantrum. Parents use a number to reasons, some you may have heard, to use spanking as a form of discipline. They may say â€Å"Spare the rod and spoil the child.† Or â€Å"I was spanked and I turned out okey.† Even â€Å"Kids need spanking to show them who’s boss.† The issue I wish to present is whether or not spanking leads to a rise in child abuse and later violence. Do children who are spanked or physically punished see spanking as a violent act? Do they learn to see violence as an acceptable way to solve a problem? When parents spank their children are they guiding them or controlling them? Nancy Samalin, author of Love and Anger, believes that spanking is nothing more than a big person hitting a smaller person and it can do damage to your child’s conscious. â€Å"A child who obeys because of the fear of being spanked,† she explains â€Å"is most likely not to develop a sense of right or wrong without being policed by a more powerful authority figure.† (Samalin, p. 154). She believes that spanking the child you have not set an example that you want your child to follow in the future. New studies have shown that children who are abused by their parents physically, emotionally, or sexually grow up and become abusive parents themselves. Further studies have shown that children who are physically punished lack empathy and concern that helps them care for others. A public opinion poll conducted by the National Committee for the Prevention of Child Abuse in 1994 asked parents how they disciplined their children in the previous year. Denying privileges was used by 79 percent of the parents; confinement to a room was used by 59 percent; 49 percent spanked or hit their children; and 45 percent insulted or swore at their children. What was amazing about these statistics was that 51 percent did not spank their children. Now consider the rise in child abuse cases that has caused public-health officials scrambling for an explanation blaming spanking made sense. Trouble is, while spanking is down, child abuse is still up. Joan McCord, author of â€Å"Questioning the Value of Punishment,† believes that punishment in general is the reason for the increase in child abuse and violence.

Perpetual holiday is a good working definition of hell Essay

Every now and then everybody needs a little holiday, time to themselves. After a long period of working, sunny beaches, snowy mountain peaches or a quiet house by a river together with your family may seem to be as close to paradise as possible. Many would dream of a â€Å"never ending holiday† where all you have to do is what you feel like to, but not all fairytales end well. To begin with, in a world where everybody sits around doing nothing, enjoying their life the end would be imminent and quick. A â€Å"global holiday† would mean a sudden stop of production, resources would be consumed in a matter of days or weeks whereas it takes a longer time for them to be produced and even an immediate comeback would generate a great loss. Secondly, during holiday many tend to loosen up, take things less seriously and usually forget the knowledge they have accumulated during the lifetime. This results in not using your brain properly and within some generations information would be lost and progression stagnated. Nonetheless, on the other hand being in a perpetual holiday may positive. There wouldn`t exist any more stress, worries, rush, responsibilities. People would live longer and happier. The only worry we would have would be how to make us and the others around us more fortunate. We would have time for all our hobbies; we could fulfil the gaps in our social life. Taking these points into consideration, I would say that many of us would be ready to give up their career for a peaceful life but too few think about the consequences of such a choice.

Analytic and synthetic statements Essay Example

Analytic and synthetic statements Essay Example Analytic and synthetic statements Paper Analytic and synthetic statements Paper H.A. Prichard also believes in intuitionism. He says that no definition can be given to the word ‘ought,’ but we all recognise its properties. He thought there were two types of thinking – reason and intuition. Reason looks at the facts of a situation and intuition decides what to do. In any situation, Prichard thought that intuition would show which action was right and where our moral obligation lay. He agreed that there was the problem that people’s morals were different, but said that this was because some people had developed their moral thinking further than others. He says that where there is a conflict of obligations he says we must look at the situation and decide which obligation is greater. However, according to Prichard, intuition would not be something that everyone could use to prove goodness. Another version of intuition was proposed by W.D. Ross. He was a deontologist who argues that it was obvious that certain types of actions, called prima facie duties, were right. In any particular situation we would come to recognise certain prima facie duties. He listed seven classes of prima facie duties: duties of fidelity, reparation, gratitude, justice, beneficence, self-improvement, non-maleficence. Ross says that when these duties conflict, we must follow the one we think it right in the situation, and sometimes one duty will have to give way to another. The duty a person thinks is right in a situation will depend on a person’s moral maturity. According to intuition, religious language is meaningful because people have certain intuitions about right and wrong. The problem with intuitionism is that it claims that we know what is good by intuition and not by empirical evidence but this is not proved by Moore – he says you either agree with him or have not thought about it properly. However, it would seem that if the naturalistic fallacy shows that you cannot conclude value judgements from natural facts by means of evidence obtained through the senses, then the idea of ‘non-natural’ facts and a special ‘intuition’ does not make sense. Some philosophers say that out emotions and practical wisdom gave us this intuitive knowledge. Also, we cannot be sure that intuitions are correct since people may come to different conclusions, whether they use intuition or reason to come to their decisions. There is also the question of how we can decide between our intuitions if sense experience cannot be used. If they contradict each other, both cannot be right, but they will be right for the person whose intuition tells him what to do. We can never know which intuition is true or false; as we do not all recognise goodness intuitively in the same way. Moral intuitions seem to come largely from social condition and differ between cultures, so it is hard to see how such intuitions can be a reliable guide to objective ethical truths. For this reason, intuitionism cannot be used to argue that ethical language is meaningful. The second approach to the meaningfulness of ethical language is the non-cognitivist approach. This is the idea that when someone males a moral statement they are not describing the world, but expressing their feelings or telling people what to do. They say that moral statements are not descriptive they cannot be described as true or false – they are subjective. There is no ethical knowledge, because statements are not statements that can be proved true or false. Thus to say â€Å"Euthanasia is wrong† is not a statement about facts, but some other kind of saying. Non-cognitivists make a distinction between facts and values. This approach is often followed by anti-realists. One non-cognitive theory of ethics is emotivism. A.J Ayer starts with the premise that there is no ethical knowledge because ethical judgements are not the kinds of statements that can be true or false. Emotivism will not tell you how to live a moral life, but simply helps us understand moral statements: as action guiding and as conveying certain attitudes. This view says that when we talk about â€Å"good† and â€Å"bad† we are simply expressing emotional states of approval and disapproval. Any other interpretation of ethical statements is meaningless. A.J Ayer said that there are only two kinds of meaningful statements: analytic and synthetic statements. Analytics statements are the idea that the truth or falsity of the statement can be determined simply by understanding the terms that occur I them. Synthetic statements are the idea that the truth or falsity of a statement can be determined by checking to establish the facts either way. Ethical statements are not verifiable – there are no empirical facts which can be checked to see if any ethical statement is true or false – so they are meaningless. The only way they can be understood is as an expression of feelings. Emotivism shows that the ethical statements we make depend on our own attitudes and feelings, and this can lead it to be criticised as just being subjectivism. However, although Ayer does argue that ethical statements have no factual content, he does not believe they have no meaningful function. It simply reduces ethical statements to the level of giving ones opinion and so they are simply meaningless.

St. Lawrence University Admissions and Acceptance Rate

St. Lawrence University Admissions and Acceptance Rate St. Lawrence University in Canton, New York is a somewhat selective school. Less than half of applicants are accepted each year. Students with strong grades and an impressive application, however, have a decent chance of being admitted. Applicants are not required to submit SAT or ACT scores. They will need to send in high school transcripts, a personal essay, and several letters of recommendation. For help with the application process, feel free to contact the admissions office at St. Lawrence. Calculate your chances of getting in with this free tool from Cappex. Admissions Data (2016) St. Lawrence University Acceptance Rate: 43  percentSt. Lawrence University is test-optionalGPA, SAT and ACT graph for St. LawrenceWhat these SAT numbers meanWhat these ACT numbers mean St. Lawrence University Description St. Lawrence University can boast that it has been coeducational with a progressive teaching philosophy since its founding in 1856. The schools name comes from the nearby St. Lawrence river, the site of both crew practice and academic research. The university is located in Canton, New York, a town not far from Potsdam. Explore the campus with the  St. Lawrence University Photo Tour. The university has a graduate program in education, but SLUs primary focus is at the undergraduate level. With an 12 to 1  student/faculty ratio, students are sure to get a lot of interaction with the faculty. Study abroad, community service, and sustainability are all important parts of St. Lawrences identity, and starting in the fall of 2012, some first-year students got the opportunity to spend their first college semester in London, and the university has had a second-semester program in France for several years. On the athletic front, the St. Lawrence Saints compete in the NCAA Division III Liberty League for most sports. The university has 32 intercollegiate teams and made my list of  top equestrian colleges. Enrollment (2016) Total Enrollment: 2,464  (2,377 undergraduates)Gender Breakdown: 45 percent male; 55 percent female99 percent full-time Costs (2016-17) Tuition and Fees: $51,200Books: $750 (why so much?)Room and Board: $13,190Other Expenses: $900Total Cost: $66,040 St. Lawrence University Financial Aid (2015 -16) Percentage of New Students Receiving Aid: 100  percentPercentage of New Students Receiving Types of AidGrants: 100 percentLoans: 55 percentAverage Amount of AidGrants: $32,191Loans: $7,775 Academic Programs Most Popular Majors:  Art, Biology, Economics, English, Fine Arts, History, Mathematics, Political Science, Psychology, Social Science, Sociology What major is right for you?  Sign up to take the free My Careers and Majors Quiz at Cappex. Graduation and Retention Rates First Year Student Retention (full-time students): 90  percentTransfer-out Rate: 13 percent4-Year Graduation Rate: 81  percent6-Year Graduation Rate: 84  percent Intercollegiate Athletic Programs Mens Sports:  Skiing, Football, Golf, Ice Hockey, Riding, Rowing, Lacrosse, Basketball, Baseball, Cross CountryWomens Sports:  Skiing, Riding, Soccer, Softball, Basketball, Field Hockey, Ice Hockey, Cross Country If You Like St. Lawrence University, You May Also Like These Schools Ithaca College: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT GraphUniversity of Vermont: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT GraphSkidmore College: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT GraphSyracuse University: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT GraphTrinity College: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT GraphUniversity of Rochester: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT GraphAlfred University: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT GraphBoston University: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT GraphCornell University: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT GraphBowdoin College: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT GraphBates College: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT GraphHobart William Smith Colleges: Profile | GPA-SAT-ACT Graph Data Source: National Center for Educational Statistics

New Testament Literature Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

New Testament Literature - Research Paper Example The third major chapter covers chapters 5 and 7 which present about Sermon on the Mount. The fourth major chapter is about Public Ministry and Teaching which covers specifically chapter 8 until chapter 16 verse 12. The fifth major chapter talks about Recognition and confession which starts specifically from chapter 16 verse 13 until verse 23 of the same chapter. The sixth major chapter involves the writings about Cost of Discipleship and Road to Jerusalem starting from the verse 24 of chapter 16 until chapter 20 verse 34. The seventh major chapter is about Jesus in Jerusalem which specifically consists chapter 21 until chapter 25. Finally, the eight major chapter is about Passion Narrative starting from chapter 26 to chapter 28. As can be observed, the book of Matthew introduces the preaching of John the baptizer, Jesus’ public ministry and the account of Jesus’ life and his works signifying his importance as the main subject in the book (Efird 1980, 50). The major theme of the book therefore is about the fulfillment of prophecy about the Messiah. Its justification is based on the account of John the baptizer and the actual teaching and works of Jesus. In Matthew 3: 11, John the baptizer prophesized about the coming of Jesus. In Matthew 11: 2-4, Jesus boldly informed John the baptizer about the signs made such as the blind receiving sight, the lame were able to walk, those who have leprosy were cured, the deaf were able to hear, the dead were raised and the good news were preached to the poor. John the baptizer is significantly cited in the book of Matthew as the one preparing the way for Jesus. In this way, message can be given to the people that Jesus is coming. However, John the baptizer can only be certain of the coming of the Messiah through the signs God gave him. Thus, Jesus was actually doing those signs allowing John the baptizer to hear them. This fulfillment of the prophecy is the main message that the book of Matthew is trying to

Sexuality in America comedy show Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Sexuality in America comedy show - Essay Example It is obvious that comedy shows tend to replicate the environment which fits the society regardless of the degree of contamination of the environment. Last Holiday is a comedy movie directed by Wayne Wang and is a remake of a 1950 British comedy that involves a woman who decides to enjoy pleasure when she finds out that she is going to die. It is a generic and romantic comedy with Queen Latifah, the main character and the main reason to enjoy the movie. It is interesting to note that someone enjoys her life only when she realizes that she is going to die instead of what most people could have done of forgoing the fun and perhaps ask their doctors for any other alternative and pray hard (Wang Film). The Queen Latifah’s ailment, which the doctor describes as diabolical, leads to her instant transformation from being a boring spinster to life of pleasure. She decides to abandon her desire of becoming a great cook and the need for dieting when she is told that she has three to four weeks to live. Latifah who plays a sales clerk named Georgia cashes in her savings to enjoy life in Czech Republic where her hero Chef Didier works. She mingles with other major powerbrokers in the hotel, she treats herself to all the services of spa, and the ski slopes (Wang Film). Georgia attracts the attention of wealthy men seated in the hotel and could not help taking their eyes off because of her beauty. She brings romance in the air due to unmistakable chemistry with LL Cool J as well as being attractive to the staff and the chef. However the films starts to bore when the focus turns from being a romantic comedy to parts that are more concentrating on politics, healthcare issues and corruption. This movie shows the attitude of most men who view women as sex tools. Sexual appeal of a woman’s body is crucial since a woman is considered a