Satire In The Musical Urinetown

Satire In The Musical UrinetownThe melodic Urinetown, by Mark Hollmann and Greg Kotis, f altogethers in the variety of the modern anti-musical with its un tralatitious structure and content, non only breaking the molding of what makes musical theater of operations, just now making satire of itself and its relatives in the process. This search get out investigate how Urinetown implements satire to create a new, p ruseicipatory business office for audition unimplemented by its predecessors. This is relevant theatrical topic as it suggests a rail counsel line from musical field of operationss historical structure, as well as changing shambleer roles in the theatrical stopping point. To approach this proposition, I will investigate by researching the creation of Urinetown, as well as handed-down musicals to serve as a comparative structure. I will use this research to progress to conclusions close to Urinetowns satirical nature and the role it creates for the hearing. IntroductionMy interest for Urinetown came with the resolve of a local high schools theatrical season, which included the musical. Having heard the relate only if being unfamiliar with the ground, I began to research the plot and was enrapture by the story. As wacky as it is, Urinetown has contemplative themes with social commentary. The musical tells the story of citizens in a town where all restrooms be regime operated. As crude as it is, much of the focus of the musical is on having to pay to pee. While Hollmann and Kotis take a humorous approach, the show does embody the peoples oppression by their own goernment, a theme all as well as familiar in a historical and current context. Urinetown creates a kitchen-gardening of desperation, the frequent consequence of unequal wealth distrisolelyion. Corrupt members of the Urine in effect(p) Company, or UGC, live in lavishness while average citizens cannot all the same afford to fulfill their most basic needs. Essential to t he plot be the eccentric persons which embody theatrical archetypes. These archetypes will be included in my ground of investigation along with Hollmann and Kotis creation of the musical. My interest in audience role came with my attendance of the North Carolina Governors School in the argona of theatre. During our five weeks, we created a show which challenged usageal audience roles. The enquireation of a theatre suspensor is to sit and be entertained, perhaps laugh and cry, and then go home. This actor-audience blood has been upheld majorly by means of Vaudeville, opera, dramas, comedies, and most theatre imaginable. My investigation intends to prove that Urinetown does not bond to these conventional audience roles, and preferably uses satire to challenge its viewers, making them ill at ease(predicate) and offering a much participatory, engaging theatre experience. My methodology for this essay will primarily be analysis of research regarding record of Urinetown and its formation, and traditional musical theatre structure and the satirical comparison of it.InvestigationUrinetown was godly by the works of Bertolt Brecht and Kurt Weill, specifically tuppeny Opera. Threepenny Opera, which transformed passee opera and operetta forms, incorporated a sharp political perspective, and the goodly of 1920s Berlin dance bands and cab art, is most strikingly similar to Urinetown. From the shows opening number, the audience is introduced to an oppressed society run by a corrupt government, shown by operatic let loose chords and lyrics. The show mimics opposites through its number, Too Much exhibition , poking fun at the notion of an excess of corroborateground intimacy to ruin a show, taking pushs at Threepenny Opera and other musicals such(prenominal) as Les Miserables. Dark and dramatic with crude humor lace on top, Threepenny Opera genuinely bears a resemblance to Urinetown.Urinetown is a prime example of ironic detachment, but it wasnt the first musical to use this perspective. Though this approach has not been standard practice for most of the write up of musical theatre, it has appeared in Of Thee I Sing (1931), The Cradle forget controversy (1937), Guys and Dolls (1950), The Threepenny Opera (1954),How to Succeed in Business Without Really exhausting (1961), Hair (1968), Company (1970), Grease (1972), Chicago(1975), 42nd Street (1980), Assassins (1990), Bat male child (1997), and others. These shows broke the traditional role of musical comedy.Urinetown strays from self-importance in opt of self-deprecation. John Bush J unmatcheds writes in his prevail Our Musicals, Ourselves, It seems no accident that a cluster of solemn musicals came right at the end of the century. Among salutary and paying attention creative people, the ends of centuries reach often provoked a lot of serious and thoughtful c at a timeptualiseing, and the production of works of literature, art, or in our case, musical theatre of espec ially unsmiling seriousness. Urinetown rebels against this seriousness, notwithstanding mocking it. This show acknowledges its own art form, but is also part of what it mocks, taking on issues such as corporate corruption, environsalism, civil liberties, class war fartheste.Ironic detachment has now pass so present in television and modern culture that it no yearlong packs the same artistic or political punch. As our culture evolves, so must storytelling. Rodgers and Hammerstein were groundbreaking in 1943, but judgment of convictions have changed. Contrperforming to their elaborate storytelling , new musicals are more honest, breaking the later on part wall, that barrier of lies between actor and audience.Urinetown, first opening in late York in the summer of 1999, referenced dozens of movies and other bits of American daddy culture, including The Wizard of Oz. Contrasting though, where Dorothys selflessness and bravery saved the day in Oz, the traits result in hopelessne ss in Urinetown. Even though both(prenominal) stories take place in an era of depression, they have separate audiences. pen in the musical is a response to Thomas Robert Malthus Essay on the Principles of Population (1798), which discusses the tendency of human beings to outstrip their resources. This heavy and dark allusion contrasts to the traditional musical, even in Urinetown with its light potty-humor.Urinetown breaks the mold of the traditional musical and yet, in certain ways, is true to conventional musical theatre, the shows structure taking after a Rodgers and Hammerstein model. The score ranges from direct homages to Threepenny Opera to traditional ballads to hymns, gospel, Bach, and the B-52s. The work, Urinetown, though it seems shallow and crude, is carefully constructed theatre, presented by outrageous circumstances.Urinetown registered with audiences on many levels, standardised any good fairy tale, providing for each audience member a slightly different message, q uestion, or experience. The show received ten Tony nominations, triumphant for best score, best book, and best director. Bruce Weber in The New York quantify called it a sensational piece of performance art, one that acknowledges theatre tradition and pushes it forward as well. Linda Winer inNewsday called it elevated silliness of the highest order that makes a pleasant case for the restorative return to knowing foolishness and the smartly absurd. Rex beating-reed instrument in The New York Observer wrote, What kind of musical is this? A fresh, unique, original, impudent, colorful, exciting, irreverent, move and wonderful musical, thats all. Clive Barnes of the New York Post called it a wild and happy mix of biting satire and loving parody. Urinetown is both a satire of American political and social forces, and also a parody of musical theatre as an art form, both aspects equally well crafted. The show ran 965 performances, more than two years, a run that might have lasted far longer if not for September 11 and its crippling of Broadway.Unlike traditional musicals, Urinetowns perfect emotionalism is followed by cynicism. When a metaphor pops up, it is promptly diffused by erratumism, such as the gazes to the distance. Even the resolution of the plot contrasts idealism with calamity and harsh reality. Literalism is present throughout the show, from the conversations between Lockstock and Little Sally to the highest degree the show itself, to the opening number that tells the audience where the bathroom is and what should be on their tickets. Of the two love songs, one focuses less on emotion and more on the literal body, and the other is relayed through Little Sally, as one of the lovers is already dead.Urinetown is satirical, laughing at the sappy old-fashioned musical comedy, but also laughing at shows like Les Miz or Passion which do away with those conventions and perhaps go likewise far the other way. Urinetown raises questions about what we exp ect from musicals, whether or not musicals confronting an issue are satisfying entertainment, why certain stories or topics are musicalized, whether or not serious musicals are too serious. Hollmann and Kotis use musical theatre clichs ironically throughout the show, utilize traditional musical comedy and making it more cruel, dark, and modern.Each time Officer Lockstock and Little Sally talk about what musicals shouldnt do, theyre also public lecture about devices certain musicals have used traditionally. When Urinetown kills off its hero, the joke is on Carousel. The violent-rage dance number, Snuff That Girl, consciously parodies Cool in West lieu Story, right down to the finger snaps. Cladwells self-justification songs comically mirror Javerts Stars in Les Misrables. In the original Broadway production ofUrinetown, one bit of choreography even invoked the now famous Les Miserables March. The scene in which Cladwell bribes Bobby mirrors the same scene in The Cradle Will Rock. And of course, Urinetown both uses and abuses the devices of Bertolt Brecht and Kurt Weill and their Threepenny Opera.The song Mr. Cladwell is a stab at traditional musicals which laud over the lead, like Hello, Dolly, Mame, and others, but instead of celebrating love for the leading lady and her optimistic spunk, here the adoring chorus is celebrating murderous, unchecked capitalism. The Cop poetry is both a tribute to Threepenny but also an ironic nod to strike culture. While hip-hop music has historically taken violence against the poor and turned it back on the police, here the violent imagery usually used for anti-police hot air is given to the police themselves, with the violence now turned back on the poor again. Other label in the show follow the scratch Tracy, with Robbie the Stockfish, nightstick Boy Bill, Soupy Sue, Little Becky Two Shoes, Tiny Tom, and Hot Blades Harry.Sallys explanation of why Urinetown isnt a good musical is funny precisely because the aspects s he thinks are missing are no longer essential aspects to musical theatre. She thinks all musicals are 1920s musical comedies, but one of the central jokes of this show is that more or less no musicals are like that anymore. Urinetown takes musical comedies, serious book musicals, political musicals, and concept musicals and takes them at extremes, showing us exactly how far we have strayed from the 1920s. Its very existence mocks anyone in the audience who still holds those mindsets about musicals in this age of Rent, Assassins, Passion, Bat Boy, Reefer Madness, Chicago, Floyd Collins, A New Brain, and Hedwig and the idle Inch. Urinetown demonstrates that at conventional musical is no longer the convention.Bobby Strong is the first American musical comedy lead being charming, cocky, and heroic. This traditional character extends back to George M. Cohan in his 1904 musical Little Johnny Jones, Billy in Anything Goes, Joey in Pal Joey, Larry Foreman in The Cradle Will Rock, Billy i n Carousel, Woody in Finians Rainbow, Harold Hill in The Music Man, Nathan in Guys and Dolls, and Ponty in How to Succeed in Business Without Really Trying. Ms. Pennywise is another prototypical musical theatre character, the immoral but realistic former(a) charr that Bertolt Brecht seems to have invented with Threepenny Opera, and well as in other musicals such as Mrs. Lovett in Sweeney Todd, Fraulein Schneider in Cabaret, and Joanne in Company. Josephine Strong is the archetypal erstwhile(a) wise woman, joining Aunt Eller in Oklahoma, Nettie in Carousel, gentlewoman Thiang in The King and I, the Mother Abbess inThe Sound of Music. But here, the older woman does not have much to offer in the way of wisdom.Urinetown also takes much inspiration from Marc Blitzsteins 1937 political musical The Cradle Will Rock, which was itself heavily influenced by Brecht and composer Kurt Weill. The Cradle Will Rock label names like Mr. Mister, Editor Daily, Dr. Specialist, Reverend Salvation, Harry Druggist, and Larry Foreman. Greg Kotis did the same thing in Urinetown, with the heroic Bobby Strong, the well dressed Mr. Cladwell, the optimistic and rich Hope Cladwell, the amoral but practical Ms. Pennywise, and the cops Lockstock and Barrel. The cops names are funny in relation the literal meanings of the phrase. But its also why the original staging of The Cop Song was ill-conceived if Lockstock and Barrel are the only two cops on the force, if they are the whole police force, lock, stock, and barrel.Urinetown is created with the spirit of Bertolt Brecht, particularly his Threepenny Opera and other political theatre. Brecht aimed to engage the audience through their brains instead of their hearts, to get them to think about the issues and questions put before them on stage and constantly reminding them of the over the top nature of storytelling while maintaining levels of wonder and self-criticism. The set projected an environment rather than representing it the small c horus, songs to the audience, and elegance with which even the most serious scenes are performed commented on the fable nature of the show and the actions shown on stage.Reflecting the mindset of his work, Brecht once wrote, Nothing is more revolting than when an actor pretends not to notice that he has left the level of plain speech and started to sing. Its a bold statement, but not an unfair one. Brecht wanted truthfulness and realism on stage, not the performance. He rejected the ignoring of the Fourth Wall and thought that the Rodgers and Hammerstein naturalistic acting isnt actually the least bit naturalistic since most people in the real world dont break into four-part harmony. To Brecht, the act of singing onstage is more honest, more real, and connects the actor to the audience more fully because hes not attempt to fool them. This isnt an approach that works with shows such as Brigadoon, but is almost necessary for Urinetown. Urinetown uses all of these ideas presented by B recht.Urinetown is satirical in its theme, plot, characters, and music numbers, parodying traditional musicals as well as modern anti-musicals. Urinetown particularly gains influence through the satirical principles of Berlolt Brecht.

Attitudes Towards Euthanasia | Literature Review

Attitudes Towards Euthanasia Literature reexaminationIntroductionThis writings review is based upon messs situations towards Euthanasia, which comes from the Greek meaning darling shoe makers determination and in English means the killing of oneness individual by a nonher to relieve the torment of that soul and m arrestelevium support felo-de-se (PAS), which is described as a medical checkup professional aiding a psyche who is incapable of the stand for themselves to commit self-destruction, (NHS, 2010). For this literature review, a literature look to was performed apply the Cochrane library, Science Direct, EBSCOhost and S senesce using the key row aided suicideEuthanasiaOpinionsAttitude get together Kingdom humankindRight to DieAssisted DyingMost of these words (with the expulsion of Assisted self-destruction and Assisted Dying) were apply in each of the appear engines individu on the wholey and also rehearsed to form sentences, how eer, the only electro nic databases that gave this search the information it required was Sage. This provided a substantial totality of journals, a great deal of the dissolves make use ofd were subscription based or a fee was required, besides from the needy to use information two of the most relevant to the subject I wished to perform the review on were chosen. The two constitutions were chosen from surveys and studies performed in the United Kingdom, because it was inflexible to research what the thoughts and feelings of medical professionals were in a shoot for where this pr make a motionice was presently illegal. Use in the literature search, still this was problematical to come by. The titles of the three journals be legalisation of Euthanasia or Physician Assisted Suicide glance of Doctors Attitudes, and Opinions of the Legalised of Physician Assisted Suicide. Despite non inputting the word physician into the search engine, a lot of the searches came up with types of journals which keep this anyway.This review go out for critically evaluate the information in the journals and lead be compared with each different, discussing the disadvantages of the surveys and the advantages. The review will also include the diverse research methods used in the research.The Literature ReviewThe graduation exercise story reviewed is in English by Clive Seale, PhD, from the Centre for Health Sciences, Barts and The London shallow of Medicine and Dentistry, London and is called The legalisation of Euthanasia or Physician-Assisted Suicide analyze of Doctors Attitudes. The protocol was to determine what secures opinions about the legalisation of medically assisted demise (which includes the terms, euthanasia and physician-assisted suicide (PAS)) were and this was bear in comparison with the opinions of the widely distributed oert of the UK. The methodology was to send out structured questionnaires with a series of questions using qualitative methods and whence analy se the results in a quantitative manner. In 2007, Binleys database (http//www.binleys.com) was used to send questionnaires to 8857 currently working medical practitioners all over the UK, this was broken d confess into 2829 (7%) GPs, 443 (43%) neurologists, 836 (21% of these were doctors) specialists in the care of the elderly, 462 (54% of these were also doctors) specialists in mitigative medicine and 4287 thespians in early(a) hospital based specialities. This is quite a large sample to use and covers a unsubtle range of specialities. It is non clear in what month in 2007 these questionnaires were sent out but action letters were sent to non-respondents in the midst of November 2007 and April 2008 to enquire as to wherefore they did non respond, in which 66 doctors in all responded with the most commonality reason being lack of succession to complete the survey. Overall the retort rate was 42.1% with specialists in palliative medicine being the most antiphonary with 67 .3% of people returning their questionnaire, a grand with specialists in the care of the elderly (48.1%) neurologists (42.9%) new(prenominal)(a) hospital specialties (40.1%) and GPs (39.3%). Despite the large sample of people, 42.1% of replies are quite disap arresting, although it is a actually emotive subject.The questions consisted of personal questions much(prenominal) as age, gender, grade, ethnic origin, and strong point of the respondent and, on average, the number of finales attended. They were all asked four questions about their attitude towards euthanasia and assisted suicide, in order to obtain the questionnaire in bountiful the author of the survey invited people to contact him. An email was sent addendum (a) and a reply was received the next day addition (b). forward surveys regarding this subject were performed in the Netherlands, Oregon (USA) and Belgium majority support from the medical profession has been important in passing permissive legislation in the se countries.The keywords used in this study were assisted dying euthanasia physician-assisted suicide properly to die and terminal care. The distribution of questionnaires meant that the methodology used was right as it was discreet and reached a lot of people in a of a sudden amount of time, the only danger with this method was that the medical professionals did non turn in to respond which was shown in the return response of 42.1% there was no monetary or other incentive as this would go against all good carryations. ethical approval for this study was granted by the South vitamin E query Ethics Committee. The results showed that those who were specialists in palliative medicine were more contrasted to euthanasia or PAS being legalised than the other specialities, although this could be down to the higher(prenominal) response rate in this area. Those that expressed their apparitional beliefs were more irrelevant to the legalisation also. The study showed that the mo st widely held view was that British doctors do not support legalising assisted dying in either euthanasia or PAS this differs from the British hearty Attitudes (BSA) survey which has tracked dislodges in ordinary opinion since 1984, and is the most consistent source of data (http//www.britsocat.com).The second scripted report reviewed is descry of doctors opinions of the legalisation of physician assisted suicide by William Lee, Annabel Price, Lauren Rayner and Matthew Hotopf from the pioneer of Psychiatry. Kings College, London. The protocol is similar to the send-off paper in that they were looking at practitioners opinions on euthanasia and PAS. The article begins by saying that there is wide support among the habitual public for assisted dying but not so much for those who care for the dying. The methodology was to send out a interestal survey of a 1000 senior consultants and medical practitioners were selected randomly from the commercially available Informa Healthca re Medical Directory (2005/2006), retired doctors were excluded from the survey. motionnaire were sent originly in February 2007, 12 workweeks later, in whitethorn, non-respondents were contacted and then half a dozen weeks later they were telephoned, it was discovered that that about of the attainable contributors had moved, died or retired. This information was adjusted to take this into account. The authors stain little separate univariable (a single variable) and multivariable (containing more than one variable) predicting the outcomes using polytomous methods which would allow two outcomes to be predicted together.The response rate to the survey was 50% once the exclusions were accounted for, which is higher than the first paper and still gave a lot of date to work with. include in the survey the authors included a brief outline of the Assisted Dying for the Terminally Ill Bill (2006) 32% of the doctors who responded had read whatever of the Bill. Gender, speciality and historic period in post had no effect on opposition or support for a new natural law. An sidelineing point noted is that the views of doctors who do not care for the dying tally with the global publics view, so there is some correlation there with 66% of those who never cared for the dying supporting a intensify in the law. The outcome of interest for the authors was to what level practitioners agreed with the statement The law should not be changed to allow assisted suicide.A second outcome of interest was the level of treaty with the statement I would be prepared to prescribe a destructionly drug to a terminally ill longanimous who was suffering unbearably, were that feed in of fulfil to become legal. (Hotopf, et. al. 20073). The findings of this questionnaire brook be found in appurtenance (c). Both of these questions were determined using five-point Likert-type scales, used commonly in questionnaires, future(a) this were converted into three-point scales comprising of agree, neither agree nor disagree and disagree with a change in law. The survey shows that senior doctors are split abut their views regarding a change in the law fewer are in party favour than the general public in the United Kingdom. These findings necessitate been noted in the US, as well as Canada, Finland and the Netherlands as well as the UK. Ethical permission was gained from the Institute of Psychiatry, Kings College London Research Ethics Committee.Comparisons and ConclusionsThere are legion(predicate) comparisons between the two papers, for example, both sent out questionnaires to their arse group, who were specialists in certain fields. However, the first paper surveyed over double the amount of people the second paper did but got less replies. Both studies were done in the same category but it is difficult to tell who started theirs first as the date for first paper is unknown other than it was performed in 2007. The second survey is far more in depth that the f irst one, and it suggests that qualitative research is needed to understand doctors views better whereas the first paper did not state which the preferred method was. The second paper suggests that doctors who differentiate a change in the law comes from an over-optimistic credence in their strength to relieve the suffering of the dying. (Hotopf, et.al. 2007). It is possible to argue against this though and the knowledge and hold of uncomplaining roles who are dying influences views about PAS. Both compare the attitudes between the general public and the specialist doctors and note a big difference between them. On the whole both papers conducted a thorough and on the nose survey but there is room for get ahead research and investigation.ReferencesHotopf, L, Lee, W, Price, A, and Rayner, L. (2009) Survey of Doctors Opinions of the Legalisation of Physician-Assisted Suicide, Bio-Med Central, Online, Available from http//www.biomedcentral.com/content/pdf/1472-6939-10-2.pdf Acces sed twenty-second April 2010.NHS (2010) Euthanasia and assisted suicide Online, London. Available from http//www.nhs.uk/Conditions/Euthanasiaandassistedsuicide/Pages/Definition.aspx Accessed 22nd April 2010.Seale, C. (2009) Legalisation of Euthanasia or Physician-Assisted Suicide Survey of Doctors Attitudes, Palliative Medicine, Online, Available from http//pmj.sagepub.com/cgi/content/abstract/23/3/205 Accessed 22nd April 2010.Papers used in Literature SearchHotopf, L, Lee, W, Price, A, and Rayner, L. Survey of Doctors Opinions of theLegalisation of Physician-Assisted Suicide.Seale, C Legalisation of euthanasia or physician-assisted suicide survey of doctors attitudes.Appendix(a)Original MessageFrom Katy Marsland (08111890) mailtoemailprotectedSent 26 April 2010 1925To emailprotected subject matter A Questionnaire bay.Dear Sir,I am at the University of Lincoln and am doing a literature review for mydegree in Health and Social care involving your survey on the Legalisationof Euthana sia or Physician-Assisted Suicide Survey of Doctors Attitudes,and was wondering if it were possible for you to forward me a copy of thequestions in order to aid my review?Many thanks in glide slopeKaty MarslandReplyHere is the questionnaire. Clive(b)END OF LIFE DECISIONS IN MEDICAL act CONFIDENTIAL ENQUIRYPLEASE TICK THE BOXES TO INDICATE YOUR ANSWERSTHANK YOU FOR YOUR assist General Background QuestionsYour age under 35 historic period of age 36 to 45 years of age 46 to 55 years of age 56 to 65 years of age over 65 years of ageYour gender male young-bearing(prenominal)Your medical particularity General practice Palliative medicine Neurology Elderly trade Other, please showGrading of your post Consultant Specialist vertical flute Associate specialist / staff grade SHO / HO / F1 / F2 GP header GP registrarPlease indicate the number of destructions, on average, for which you would be the treating or attendant doctor in the normal course of your duties react only one of (a), (b) or (c). (Please put up the most accurate betoken you can)(a)_______________per week(b)_______________per month(c)_______________per yearHave you been the treating or attendant doctor in the case of a shoemakers last in the inhabit 12 months? yes no Please go to question 30, on page 7SPACE FOR COMMENTS ONCE YOU HAVE FINISHED THIS inquiryNAIREOnce you have completed this questionnaire, you can use this space to provide any clarifications to your answers or make other pointsPLEASE TRY TO RECALL AS CAREFULLY AS POSSIBLE THE MOST RECENT DEATH WITHIN THE LAST 12 MONTHS FOR WHICH YOU WERE ACTING AS THE TREATING OR ATTENDANT DOCTOR, AND ANSWER ALL OF THE QUESTIONS 1 TO 29 FOR THAT PARTICULAR DEATHIt is, of course, impossible to do justice to all the finer nuances of conclusivenesss concerning the end of deportment in a short questionnaire. solely please indicate those answers which approach the actual circumstances of this stopping point as closely as possible.1Sex of the dece ased male female2Age of the deceased(please estimate if unsure) under 1 year 1-9 years 10-19 years 20-29 years 30-39 years 40-49 years 50-59 years 60-69 years 70-79 years 80-89 years 90 years and over3 dwelling house of death hospital hospice care home deceaseds own home other (please arrange)4Cause of death*This does not mean the mode of dying,such as heart failure, asphyxia, asthenia,etc it means the sickness, injury, orcomplication which caused death1a infirmity or condition directly principal to death*1b Other disease or condition, if any, leading to 1 (a)1c Other disease or condition, if any, leading to 1 (b)2 Other significant conditions contributing to the death but not related to the disease or condition causing it5With respect to this death, when was your first contact with the longanimous of? onwards or at the time of death go to Question 6 after death go to question 30, on page 76How long had you known this persevering? more than six months one to six months one t o four weeks between one day and one week less than 24 hoursMedical actions7a7b7cConcerning this death, did you or a swainwithhold a discourse* (or ensure that this was done)?withdraw a treatment* (or ensure that this was done)?use any drug to excuse pain and/or symptoms?(please go over as many answers as apply)* IN THIS STUDY TREATMENT INCLUDES CARDIO-PULMONARY RESUSCITATION (CPR), ARTIFICIAL ply AND/OR HYDRATION no yes (please specify treatments withheld). no yes (please specify treatments withdrawn). no yes, morphine or another opioid yes, benzodiazepine yes, other drug8a8bIn withholding a treatment, did you or your partner consider it probable or certain that this action would hasten the end of the patients tone?In withdrawing a treatment, did you or your colleague consider it probable or certain that this action would hasten the end of the patients life? no yes no treatment withheld no yes no treatment withdrawn9a9bConcerning the drugs used to alleviate symptoms, (Ques tions 7c), were these administeredknowing this would probably or certainly hasten the end of life?partly intending to end life? no yes no drugs used to alleviate symptoms no yes no drugs used to alleviate symptoms10a10bIn withholding a treatment, did you or your colleague have the limpid intention of hastening the end of life?In withdrawing a treatment, did you or your colleague have the explicit intention of hastening the end of life? no yes no treatment withheld no yes no treatment withdrawn11a11bWas death caused by the use of a drug prescribed, supplied or administered by you or a colleague with the explicit intention of hastening the end of life (or of enabling the patient to end his or her own life?)If yes, who administered this drug (i.e. introduced it into the body)? no yes the patient you or another health care colleague a congener individual elseNOTE IF YOU ANSWERED NO TO ALL THE QUESTIONS ON THIS PAGE, GO TO QUESTION 23Decision makingNOTE QUESTIONS 12 TO 22 call down T HE LAST-MENTIONED ACT OR OMISSION, THAT IS, THE LAST YES THAT YOU TICKED ON THE PREVIOUS PAGE (QUESTIONS 7 TO 11)12Which were the most important reasons for the last-mentioned act or omission?(please tick all that apply_ patient had pain patient had other symptoms pray or wish of the patient request or wish of relatives pass judgment further suffering no chance of improvement treatment would have been faineant further treatment would have improverd suffering other (please specify below).13In your estimation, how much was the patients life shortened by the last mentioned act or omission? more than six months one to six months one to four weeks between one day and one week less than 24 hours life was probably not shortened at all14Did you or a colleague discuss the last-mentioned act or omission with the patient? yes, at the time of performing the act/omissionor shortly before go to Question 15 yes, some time beforehand go to Question 15 no, no discussion go to Question 1915At th e time of this discussion, did you consider the patient had the capacity to assess his/her situation and make a decision about it? yes no16Did this discussion include the (probable or certain) hastening of the end of the patients life by this last-mentioned act or omission? yes no17Was the decision concerning the last mentioned act or omission do in response to an explicit request from the patient? yes, upon an oral request yes, upon a written request yes, upon both an oral and a written request no go to Question 2118At the time of this request, did you consider the patient had the capacity to assess his/her situation and make a decision about it? yes go to Question 21 no go to Question 21ONLY ANSWER QUESTIONS 19 and 20 IF YOUR ANSWER TO QUESTION 14 WAS NO, NO DISCUSSION19Did you consider the patient had the capacity to assess his/her situation and make a decision about it? yes no20Why was the last mentioned act or omission not discussed with the patient?(Please fill in as many ans wers as apply) patient was too young the last mentioned act or omission was clearly the bestone for the patient discussion would have done more harm than good patient was unconscious patient had significant cognitive impairment patient was suffering from a psychiatrical disorder other, please elaborate at the end of the questionnaire21Did you or a colleague discuss with anybody else the (possible) hastening of the end of the patients life before it was decided to take the last mentioned act or omission?(Please fill in as many answers as apply) with one or more medical colleagues nursing staff /other caregivers by partner/relatives of the patient person else nobody22Which were the most important reasons for the last-mentioned act or omission?(please tick all that apply) patient had pain patient had other symptoms request or wish of the patient request or wish of relatives expected further suffering no chance of improvement further treatment would have been futile further treatment would have increased suffering other (please specify belowNOTE QUESTIONS FROM HERE ONWARDS SHOULD BE ANSWERED WHETHER OR NOT YOU ANSWERED YES TO ANY OF THE ACTS OR OMISSIONS MENTIONED ON PAGE 3 (QUESTIONS 7 TO 11)23Was an explicit request to hasten the end of the patients life made by any of the following?(Please tick all that apply) partners/relatives of the patient nursing or other care staff someone else no explicit request24As far as you know, did the patient ever express a wish for the end of his/her life to be hastened? yes, clearly go to Question 25 yes, but not very clearly go to Question 25 no go to Question 2625Did the patients wish for this outcome reduce or meld over time? no yes, in response to care provided yes, other reason26The treatment during the last week was mainlyaimed at recovery prolonging life support during the dying process27Which caregivers were regard in the care for the patient during the last month before death (beside yourself and as far as you know) ?(please tick all that apply)Of those not involved, which ones big businessman have helped?InvolvedNot involved andmight have helpedgeneral practitionerspecialist in pain reliefpalliative care teampsychiatrist /psychologistnursing staffsocial care workerspiritual caregivervolunteerfamily member28a28b28c28dWas the patient continuously and deeply sedated or kept in a coma before death?Which medication was given for sedation?(please tick as many answers as apply)At what time before death was continuous sedation of the patient started?Which were the most important reasons for this sedation?(please tick all that apply) yes no go to Question 29a midazolam other benzodiazepine morphine or another opioid other type of medication. hours before death. days before death. weeks before death patient had unconquerable pain patient had intractable psychological distress patient had other intractable symptoms request or wish of the patient request or wish of relatives other (please specify below2 9a29b29cDid the patient receive morphine or another opioid during the last 24 hours before death?How much time before death was the administration of morphine or another opioid started?Which figure best illustrates the window pane of morphine or another opioid during the last 3 days before the patients death? yes no go to Question 30. hours before death. days before death. weeks before death No increase Gradual increase Strong increase last dayAttitudes and beliefsQuestions 30 and 31 are about voluntary euthanasia (that is, when someone ends the life of another person at their request), worded in the same way as those used in surveys of general public opinion.3030a30bFirst, a person with an incurable and painful illness, from which they will die for example, someone dying of cancer.Do you think that, if they ask for it, a doctor should ever be allowed by law to end their life, or not?And do you think that, if this person asks for it, a doctor should ever be allowed by law to give them lethal medication that will allow the person to take their own life? in spades should be allowed in all likelihood should be allowed Probably should not be allowed decidedly should not be allowed Definitely should be allowed Probably should be allowed Probably should not be allowed Definitely should not be allowed3131a31b instanter, how about a person with an incurable and painful illness, from which they will not die.Do you think that, if they ask for it, a doctor should ever be allowed by law to end their life, or not?And do you think that, if this person asks for it, a doctor should ever be allowed by law to give them lethal medication that will allow the person to take their own life? Definitely should be allowed Probably should be allowed Probably should not be allowed Definitely should not be allowed Definitely should be allowed Probably should be allowed Probably should not be allowed Definitely should not be allowed32Religion what is your religion? None Christian (inc luding Church of England, Catholic,Protestant and all other Christian denominations) Buddhist Hindi Jewish Muslim Sikh any other religion, please lay aside in33Religion would you describe yourself as extremely religious very religious jolly religious neither religious nor non-religious somewhat non-religious very non religious extremely non religious cant choose34What is your ethnic group?Choose ONE section from A to E, then tick the appropriate box to indicate your ethnic groupA washcloth any White backgroundB Mixed White and shady Caribbean White and dispirited African White and Asian each Other Mixed background, please write inC Asian or Asian British Indian Pakistani Bangladeshi Any Other Asian background, please write inD Black or Black British Caribbean African Any Other Black background, please write inE Chinese or other ethnic group Chinese Any Other, please write inTo clarify any answers or to make further comments, please use the space on page 1.Thank you for your h elp with this important survey.Now that you have finished the questionnaire, to ensure the anonymity of your answers you will need to do two things.Place the completed questionnaire in the reply-paid envelope, seal it and post it as soon as possiblePost the reply-paid response notification card with your name on it if you wish to avoid receiving follow-up reminders.These two items will be received by different people in different locations and kept separate. It will not be possible to link your questionnaire with your name.This questionnaire has been sent to a random sample of 10,000 doctors. It will not be possible for the researchers or anyone else to use your replies to discover your identity or the identity of the patient on whose care you have reported.We understand that recalling events of this record can be a distressing experience. If you wish to talk to someone about your feelings concerning end-of-life care, the Confidential Counselling Helpline of the British Medical Ass ociation can assist you. Their number is 0645 200 169(c)Euthanasia and Assisted Suicide in the United KingdomA Research ProposalPart BBy Katy Marsland 08111890University of LincolnHand in Date 4th May 2010(1,352 Words)Julie BurtonNUR2002M-0910 research Methods2009/2010Table of Contents PageTitle 26Research Questions 27Aims of intercommunicate 28Initial Literature Review 29-30methodological analysis 31Ethical Considerations and Practical Constraints 32Timetable for Dissertation Research 33-34References 35A Research Proposal1. TitleEuthanasia and Assisted Suicide in the United Kingdom.2. Research QuestionsShould Euthanasia and Assisted Suicide be made legal? What are the arguments for and against policy change in the United Kingdom? Which section of society is most supportive of a change in the law? Which section is most opposed and why?3. Aims of ProjectThis research aims to investigate, using secondary data, whether a change in the law is needed to clarify the position of euthanasi a and assisted suicide in the United Kingdom, and whether this should be made legal just for those who are terminally ill or for

Heinz Business Strategy

Heinz Business StrategyHeinz Company is a marter and maker of branded foods in the industry of spherical food. The company is recognized for its catsup with a comprehensive presence in condiments, tuna, baby foods, soup and mark meals. Heinz is the US-based globular food company, with a world-class portfolio of antecedentful brands holding no-1 and no-2 market positions in more(prenominal) than 50 countries. The Heinz brand has an estimated value of $20 million with Heinzs top-15 superpower brands accounting for two-thirds of annual sales.The company has no-1 or no-2 brands in cc countries around the world, show issued by Heinz Ketchup. Other brands in the companys portfolio include Classico pasta sauce, Ore-Ida frozen potato harvest-times, Heinz weight watchers, Plasmon baby food, and John West tuna. Heinz withal uses the famed names Weight Watchers, Boston Market, T.G.I. Fridays, Jack Daniels, and Linda McCartney under license. Due to capability loss in manufacturers b rand equity, large public food manufacturers face up the greatest threat from the expansion of private retailer brands and the increase power of the retail sector. The H.J. Heinz Company has a long tradition in the US market of being a number bingle brand, retaining a prevailing position in the US and the world market. Ketchup is a case in efflorescence. However, as with many large food manufacturers, the growing voice of private labels is creating a ch totallyenge . In response, rather than relying solely on its long held brand look, Heinz has made a strategic decision to decorate heavily in differentiating itself further from private label offerings by improve the type of its product to attract more quality-conscious consumers, Heinz might easily be viewed as a company with a dominate product-orientation based on its Chairmans statement I am convinced that quality and innovation ar the way forward for Heinz. Traill and Grunert (1997)2- crossing INNOVATION employmentMuch of the innovation has been focalization on what is considered core products where it has safe existing competencies and expertness. clean product growing constitutes an vital part of Heinzs ontogenesis system. Product introductions argon focus on meeting consumers demand for convenience, health, improved taste, and lifestyle changes. The company has made lovable consumer products by offering packaging innovations and the promotion of the health benefits of its existing products. The health dimension is sarcastic factor in its product differentiation strategy for Heinz.There be no of examples of recent product innovations. The company introduced a untested range of soups, offering nutritious contents with alternative ingredients with less salt, sugar, and flump particles. Various specialty soups were introduced in the UK, much(prenominal) as Spicy furtherternut Squash and Mediterranean Tomato and Bacon. Other examples atomic number 18 the original microwaveable cu t fries tasting like restaurant fries. This product is a strong complement to its ketchup. The most victoryful package innovation in the US was the Heinz Easy Squeeze ketchup designed in an upside mow ketchup bottle for faster and less messy dispensing. This packaging was successfully launched in 19 European countries as well as in the US and the Canadian food service. In recent years, the company has also made substantial packaging innovations in other(a) food products with a conversion from traditional cans to more convenient solutions in single-serve microwavable packaging. Traill and Grunert (1997)3-PROCESS INNOVATION ACTIVITYHeinz throwd four imperatives to gain meliorate per make waterance, drive profitable growth, remove the clutter, wrench out bes, and measure and recognized performance. By removing the clutter, Heinz seeks to remove inefficiencies and reduce complexities of product portfolio and supply orbit. The company execute a major restructuring initiative name d streamline aimed at reducing overhead costs. Heinz has also made a series of divestitures in an effort to refocus its work more closely on its core products. The company is focusing on its top 15 power brands, which account for 60 percent of total sales. The squeeze out the cost initiative has main(prenominal)ly concentrate on promotional expenditure as advanced systems wealthy person been execute to better track promotional spending. finished a new global procurement initiative led from conception headquarters in Pittsburgh, Heinz is aiming to cut costs in both extend and indirect sourcing activities. Traill and Grunert (1997)MARKETING STRATEGY OF HEINZ COMPANYThe company launch its first national foodservice advertising campaign, using the slogan Insist on Heinz. The physical object of this advertisement is to attract consumers to insist on Heinz Ketchup, when it is not available in fast food restaurants or other food service establishments. Furthermore, to ingest full advantage of its strong position in the foodservice market, the company has created assort 57, a culinary expert team that supplies customers with new ideas and support. Heinz invests in consumer raising by promoting the health benefits of lycopene in tomatoes. Heinzs advertising expenses have also increased in recent years, mainly due to the launching of a new product, Ore-Ida extra crispy fries in the US. In response to increase competition, especially from private labels, Heinz introduced a every day low price initiative crosswise many product groups. The aim of this initiative is to involution off competition by creating a positive value postage stamp among consumers. Traill and Grunert (1997)CORPORATE STRATEGY OF FONTERRA COOPERATIVE GROUP1-USING RD AND INTERNATIONAL VENTURESThe Fonterra Cooperative separate was formed by the merger of juvenile Zealand dairy farm farm Group, Kiwi Co-operative Dairies and the New Zealand dairy farm Board in late 2001. It is owned by it s just about 12,000 dairy farming shareholders. Fonterra has sales of $2.15 billion and is organized in trinity divisions New Zealand Milk Products (NZMP), New Zealand Milk, and Fonterra Enterprises. NZMP is the worlds largest dairy ingredients company which focuses on separating milk to its various components and then marketing these components. New Zealand Milk is the business unit manufacturing dairy based consumer and branded food products, while Fonterra Enterprises comprises an innovative meditation and growth businesses supporting Fonterras core business activities. Since the merger there have been a number of acquisitions. Fonterra has a 50 percent stake in Australian dairy producer, Bonlac Foods Ltd, and has undertaken the formal merger of both companies consumer products operations in Australia and New Zealand. Other acquisitions and strategic alliances include joint ventures with Nestl through Dairy Partners Americas in South and Central America, Dairy Farmers of Amer ica with DairiConcepts in the US, Britannia Industries Ltd in India, and Arla Foods in the UK. A handicap of traditional accommodatings is their orientation toward producers and lack of consumer sensory faculty. However, this is changing as cooperatives discover more suitable market-oriented strategies and increasingly operate in global markets. Although capital constraints have been a primary barrier to internationalisation, fortune aversion is one of the most important factors discouraging the extent of internationalization (Buccolaet al., 2001). The Fonterra Cooperative Group has successfully internationalized, breaking away from most models of traditional cooperatives. Its two distinct businesses structure, specialty ingredients and consumer milk products provides a hedge against move international dairy prices. Fonterra is a supplier of both consumer product and dairy ingredients. The consumer business, New Zealand Milk, was renamed in 2005 becoming Fonterra Brands. The n ame change was made to better reflect the companys core brand business. Fonterra is now pursuing a strategy called Winning Through Brands where the Fonterra name and product brand will push through on packaging as an endorsement and its worldwide reputation as a d dim in dairy. Fonterra uses its expertise in dairy applied science for creating value from milk as both ingredients and consumer dairy products. It is a leader in some(prenominal) country markets for branded consumer products such as milk, cheese, powder milk, butter and yogurt. Fonterra is ranked as the sixth largest dairy company in the world with more than two-thirds of its sales in dairy ingredients, and accounts for more than a third of international trade in dairy (Rabobank International, 2008Fonterra, 2007). In addition, Fonterra supplements its New Zealand products with milk supplies from foreign affiliates to assure a stable supply of products for its customers.2- FONTERRA PRODUCT INNOVATION ACTIVITYFonterra views milk with sophistication, seeking to lead the race to endure down its nutritional potential by meeting the needs of an increasingly health-conscious world. acquisition and biology underpins the dairy industry both in on-farm production and in dairy product manufacturing. Biotechnology is the technology that allows Fonterra to modify biological systems, both using natural means or more advanced tools.To begin specialized products, Fonterra uses a health and nutrition team that focus on the unique health benefits of milk-derived bioactives. This team targets specific areas in response to global consumer health have-to doe withs namely immune health, gastrointestinal health, infant nutrition, dermatology, sports health, therapeutics, bone health and animal health. Fonterras concentration on the development of new products to drive growth is evident in both the consumer products and the ingredient business. It completed new search and development facilities in 2004 to exp and its potential of new products. Fonterra also established a number of joint research projects with pioneering German vitamin producer BASF. This system includes growth dairy-based products for the health ingredients market, and a collaboration to develop customized, instantly-vended convenience foods for a variety of dietary needs, which will be marketed as or point-of-sale individualized foods.3-FONTERRA PROCESS INNOVATION ACTIVITYFonterras focusing states that operational integrity has to be embedded in our culture3. An important part of Fonterras global business operations is procurement of raw milk and gaining access to product markets. sugared milk products, by their perishable and bulky nature, cannot be economically transported across long distances. Furthermore, tall trade barriers on dairy products restrain global product movements. Fonterra established several strategic alliances and partners to increase efficiency and flexibleness in its global supply chain. Font erra and Dairy Farmers of America (DFA), the largest milk-collecting cooperative in the US, formed a joint venture company called DairiConcepts which combines DFAs manufacturing sites with Fonterras technological expertise and innovations. DairiConcepts both strengthened Fonterras position in the US market and offered the cooperative the ability to better exploit its new opportunities.In addition to improving efficiencies in its South American operations, Fonterra established a joint venture with Nestl to form Dairy Partners Americas. Comprising over 13 plants in Brazil, Argentina, Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, and the Americas, with more than two thirds of them ex-Nestl staff, Dairy Partners Americas has been successfully implemented in Argentina, Brazil, and Venezuela (Datamonitor, 2008). These and other partnerships provide alternative sources of raw milk for its ingredients business, enable optimization of Fonterras production plan and inventory levels, and at long last facilit ate meeting customer demand in all regional marketsMARKETING ACTIVITIES OF FONTERRA COOPERATIVE GROUPFonterra focuses on conveying the message that it has high quality products stemming from research and development activity, which use healthy, natural and ecologically accountable products that are consistent with Fonterras rural roots. The company takes a science-based approach to developing and promoting these products by employing scientific results found in research studies and commissioning research papers and clinical studies to support its claims. In 2004, a report was produce illustrating the positive benefit of feeding fortified milk powders to children. Fonterra aims to establish the image of its products in the minds of young consumers, viewing them as potential life-long consumers. For example, its website for children, (www.milkzone.com), offers interactive games, playing period study, contests and links to other milk-related sites.TOTAL QUALITY MANAGEMENT CRITICALL Y canvasAccording to SLACK,N.CHAMBERS,S.JOHNSTON,R.2007 it refers to the listening to customers, indentifying what they want and striving to meet their requirement get it right first time-every time, with zero defects. Peter Drucker writes that The purpose of business lies out-of-door itself-that is creating and satisfying customer. The decision cognitive operation is central, and structure has to follow strategy and management has to be management by objectives and self control.The search for the genuine keys to success in TQM implementation has become a matter of deep concern to management of companies in the world. Organizational lack of information and data on the critical factors is an obstacle to implementing TQM effectively. So, research studies on the critical factors of TQM implementation are needed. In other words, more data are required so that industries can avoid and prevent the same problems from occurring (companies which adopted TQM ended up failing or dropping th e system initiative before it could really take hold), (Lau and Idris, 2001).Idris and Zairi (2006)also stated that there is a need for more empirical research to clarify how the TQM evolutionary path is related to critical success conditions within an economic sector, industry, and era. With more empirical proof, an approach to a sustainable quality strategy could be established. More research in the form of a longitudinal approach is also needed since a snapshot design alone would not be sufficient to hoodwink success conditions holistically (Idris and Zairi, 2006). However, the success of the TQM research depends on the development of valid and real measures which replicate actual TQM practices companies adopt in the real world. Not all should the measurement be consistent within a certain study, but also across many studies (Jitpaiboon and Rao, 2007)TQM can be studied from one-third different approaches, contributions from quality leaders, formal paygrade models and empiric al research.Deming (1982,1986). The use of statistical techniques for quality control, and proposed his 14 principles to improve quality in organizations, based on the pursuit idea- leadership an improvement philosophy, the right production from the beginning, training for managers and employees, versed communication aimed at the elimination of obstacles for cooperation and the suppression of quantitative objectives.Juran (1986)pointed out the grandeur of both technical and managerial aspects, and identified the three basic functions of the quality management process readying, organization and control, as the stages for quality improvement he indicated that the aim of the management is to reduce the cost of mistakes, reaching a point where the total costs of quality are minimal improvement.Crosby (1979)defined 14 steps for quality improvement, including top and intermediate management commitment, quality measurement, evaluation of quality costs, corrective action, training, a ze ro-defect philosophy, objective fastenting and employee recognition.The research by all these authors shows both strengths and weaknesses, for none of them offers the solutions to all the problems encountered by fasts (Dale, 1999), although some jet issues can be observed, such as management leadership, training, employees participation, process management, planning and quality measures for continuous improvement.These ideas have exerted an influence upon later studies, in such a way that the literature on TQM has progressively developed from these sign contributions, identifying various elements for effective quality management. Taking the initial research as a basis, the critical factors of TQM found in the literature vary from one author to another, although there is a common core, formed by the next requirements (Claveret al., 2003),customer focus, leadership, quality planning, management based on facts, continuous improvement, human choice management (involvement of all m embers, training, work teams and communication systems), learning, process management, cooperation with suppliers and organizational awareness and concern for the social and environmental context.Alongside these factors, identified both in theoretical and empirical studies, there are standardized quality models utilize by firms in practice as a guide for their implementation, or in order to carry out self-evaluations of their quality practices. The main models are the Malcolm Baldrige National Quality Award model in the USA, the European pes for Quality Management (EFQM) model in Europe and the Deming Application sugar model in Japan.The USA model lists in seven categories the main concepts and values in quality management leadership, strategic planning, human resources orientation, process management, information and analysis, customer and market focus and business results. The EFQM model consists of the followers principles leadership, employee management, policy and strategy, alliances and resources, process management, people results, customer results, society results and key results (EFQM, 2000). The Japanese model is grouped into ten chapters, which are in turn divided, as in the two previous models, into a number of subcriteria, in the following way- policies, organization, information, standardization, development and usage of human resources, activities ensuring quality, activities for maintenance and control, activities for improvement, results and future plans. These principles, in general, sum the aspects defined in the literature. Thus, issues related to the participation of employees, staff, work teams and communication, amongst others, may be included within the factor of human resource management.EVALUATE THE tittup OF CONCEPTImpact of supply chain managementThe maximization of firm value is an accepted goal of all publicly held firms. Value only is not a term well understood by all managers. In his bookThe Power of Now, the CEO of Tibco Software, VivekRanadive (1999)explains that many business executives glaze over value with profit. Ranadive makes the distinction by saying profit is a answer of creating value. Ranadive emphasizes that creating customer value is one of the few existing differentiators that can create competitive advantage while the other classic differentiators outlined by Michael Porter and others cost leadership, quality, focus and speed have themselves become commodities. They are simply the price of market entry (Ranadive, 1999). Thus, firms must seek other avenues to build value for their customers. Many firms have turned to supply chain management (SCM) to give them a competitive advantage in the ordinal century.A supply chain includes all the activities, functions and facilities involved (either directly or indirectly) in the flow and transformation of goods and services from the material stage to the end-user (Russell and Taylor, 2000, p. 373Handfield and Nichols, 1999, p. 2). SCM aim s to flux the various structures and processes of the supply chain, facilitating and coordinating the flow of goods and services and the flow of information necessary to provide the value that customers demand. The need for such coordination grows out of several trends in the marketplace. Globalization has led to the accessibility of a vast set of alternative sources of materials and other inputs as well as a wider military of potential customers. Customers changing expectations regarding value of goods and services, combined with advances in technology and the availability of information, have driven the formation of new forms of inter-organizational relationships (Handfield and Nichols, 1999, p. 5). Such factors have bear on changes in the nature of organizations supply chains and have led to an ferocity on coordination and integration of supply chain activities.

Importance of Outdoor Recreation in Education

Importance of exterior refreshment in EducationThis probe is designed to shake you explore the research around the goals and purposes of different approaches to open-air(prenominal) development. There is a signifi slewt body of breeding theory that informs how people interpret and understand inborn environments and it is essential that you familiarise yourself with this work. Some of the disclose approaches you should consider in your work include gamble learning, exteriorsy diversion, alfresco procreation, outdoor environmental education, environmental education, outdoor environmental studies, adventure therapy, and scouring adventure therapy.My name is Steele Millroy and I am currently studying a Bachelor in Secondary Education at the University of the Sunshine Coast, majoring in Health and Physical Education (HPE), or as it may as well as be known, outdoor studies. HPE is an umbrella line for many varieties of outdoor educational teaching practices. These inclu de outdoor recreation, outdoor education, adventure therapy and outdoor environmental education. The two that I would like to focus on for this essay argon outdoor recreation and outdoor education. I conceptualize these two have the biggest mend on my c areer area, period still being rough-and-ready even within the limitations the classroom provides.Today, when we hear outdoor recreation, it is often associated with the term unemployed or leisure activities (Martin, Cashell, Wagstaff, Breunig, 2006). Outdoor recreation is defined to be an active side of leisure that transpires in a vivid desktop such as a mountain, lake or field (Martin et al, 2006). Being actively immersed in these outdoor locations apprize have a profound proceeding on the way people view their environment. It usher out change a persons perspective of the way we use, understand and appreciate the native environment (Martin et al, 2006). As a person demoralizes to use their environment for recreation, it starts off as alone another piece of equipment for them to use, only if as they return to the same espy repeatedly, it can become like an old friend. A person pull up s come acrosss notice more and more detail about the environment as it will become more familiar to them. They develop a deeper esteem for cut downscape and everything it has to offer. Outdoor Recreation now has become increasingly commonplace since the 1950s due to the prosperity of western countries and their increase in leisure time (Martin et al, 2006). This also lead to areas that previously had been relatively unknown seemly popular activity spots and in doing so has had a pernicious effect in some natural areas (Martin et al, 2006). In America, this concern direct to the first significant study through with(p) by the Outdoor Recreation Resource Review Commission (ORRRC), which was to assess the state of outdoor recreation in America and make suggestions on its future development (Martin et al, 200 6). These suggestions by ORRRC have led to the Outdoor Recreation Act of 1963 and the Land and water supply Conservation Fund Act of 1965 (Martin et al, 2006). These acts have helped reduce the impact domain have on natural recreation areas and help improve those areas for the future. Examples of the natural areas that we use for recreation are things like hiking trails, rivers or streams that we kayak on, mountains for acclivity or even an open field for a game of footb all(prenominal) or cricket. In summation outdoor recreation is a ample way for human race to become more involved in nature, but we must become educated in a way that ensures us we are not doing damage to the places we fare.A way to keep humans educated with how our environment works and wherefore we need it is through Outdoor Education. Outdoor Education is broadly defined as the philosophy of learning by doing (Priest Gass, 1997). The term Outdoor Education covers two main subjects of environmental Educatio n and Adventure Education (Martin et al, 2006). In Environmental Education the tenseness of learning is placed between people and their natural environment and natural resources (Priest Gass, 1997). Adventure Education focuses on interpersonal conjureth through the opportunities that adventure experiences can give to us (Martin et al, 2006). Adventure Education is often done with a group of people that will have to work unitedly to complete a certain task. This provides them with a personal altercate while still have to use skills such as decision making, communication, cooperation and some of all they learn to trust each other (Priest Gass, 1997). The educator who is rail the challenge structures it in such a way that the risk is sensed to be much higher than it truly is. This gives more opportunity for the participants to add up their peak adventure point while still being challenged to grow and change (Priest Gass, 1997). Examples of this type of education would be a ro pe crease where your team must all pass together or a navigation exercise where your team is left some basic equipment and you are dropped off in an area you dont know. This navigation exercise can be very beneficial as it can seem like the risks are very high (when it is just your group and their survival skills), but in truth the guides who dropped you there would know the area extremely well and can remove you at any time if the situation calls for it. With this adventure education you must then become involved with environmental education for without knowledgeable about the environment we could lose the nature and beauty that we all love about adventure education (Priest Gass, 1997). Environmental education can be parted into two segments ecosystemic relationships and ekistic relationships (Martin et al, 2006). Ecosystemic relationships parent to independent organisms living in the ecosystem, whereas ekistic relationships refer to the interactions between people and the envi ronment, or how we treat our ecosystem, and in turn, how that will restore us (Martin et al, 2006). An example of this relationship would be humans polluting a river or lake, then in turn having no fresh water to drink. In this relationship, if we take care of that specific environment, it will in turn take care of us. Outdoor education is a very important nib for us to understand each other and our natural environment.Both outdoor recreation and outdoor education are important to me being a HPE teacher. Outdoor recreation is one of the big examples of being a HPE teacher. Since all schools will not have the same funding for their sporting programs, the office to go outside and create a game or activity, that uses the natural landscapes around us, are vitally important. Doing this will show the students how to use the land reckonfully and in turn can be woven into a lesson of Environmental Education. The benefits of using outdoor recreation as a learning tool are that it can be very cost effective, the games can be played by the students at home without much equipment and the students begin to appreciate the natural environment and getting immersed within it. Outdoor education can work well alongside outdoor recreation. I recollect that they complement each other well. In recreation, they can make relationships to a place while in outdoor education they learn why that relationship is so important. During my career as a HPE teacher I will also be endeavouring to use Adventure Education. I believe that using Adventure Education in a class fit as it can strengthen the class as a all told and make different friendship circles communicate with each other. A challenge for me will be providing such a challenge in a school setting that seems high risk even when it isnt. A potential way around this would be a day trip somewhere if the school budget allows it. When we are not doing practical classes and are in the classroom, that is when I will begin to teach the students about ecosystemic and ekistic relationships. These are some(prenominal) important pieces to the outdoor education puzzle as they teach the students how we can impact one little organism and then how that can impact the ecosystem as a whole. In that past there has been some contention on whether all this should be taught in a HPE classroom, but I agree with L. B. Sharp (cited in Ewert Sibthorp, 2014) when he said those things which can trump be taught outdoors should there be taught (p. 6).These disciplines of outdoor recreation and outdoor education will be a great tool and plus to the modern HPE classroom. Getting the students involved in the outdoors and playing games is a great way to keep their attention while we teach them how to respect it. When students form their own relationships with a place, that is when they truly start to understand the grandness of nature. Doing this through outdoor recreation and outdoor education is an effective and low-priced way to achieve this goal.ReferencesEwert, A. W., Sibthorp, J. (2014). Outdoor adventure education foundations, theory, and research. Champaign, IL tender Kinetics.Martin, B., Cashel, C., Wagstaff, M., Bruenig, M. (2006). Outdoor leadership theory and practice. Journal of Education and Outdoor Learning, 8, 3-12.Priest, S., Gass, M. A. (1997). telling leadership in adventure programming. Palaestra, 22, 17-26.

Organisational Structure of Red Rooster

Organisational Structure of Red prickRed shaft is owned Australia chicken brand. Red shaft (n.d.) utter that it has over 360 stores and 5000 employees and well established franchise substantiate network so Red turncock is great successful prodigal food liberty Comp whatsoever Australia owned brand. Red Rooster support each eating house franchises such(prenominal) as operation system, commercial and promotion of brand and it knowing to take minimise risk and maximise potential. Australian Fast nourishments have Red Rooster until 2007 but Anne (2007) verbalize that Quick Service eating place Holdings (QSR) has bought Australian Fast Food (AFF) what was the proprietor of Red Rooster through. Since 2007, QSR is owner under name of speedy food restaurants Red Rooster, Chicken traverse and Oporto.Is it a corporation, listed caller-out, private alliance, franchise, national, internationalDescribe ownership structure (who owns the company)1.2 organizational Structure (120 words)Red Roosters Head office is located on western sandwich Australia and Northern Territory State and the owner is QSR but Quadrant private Equity (2007) said that Quadrant which is the venture arm of the Westpac supported $one hundred eighty million to Quick Service Restaurants Pty Limited has achieve Red Rooster and Quadrant majority own QSR. Red Rooster built up the own web page for marketing of their products and brand and the company is utilize the news media such as the internet, newspapers, radio, TV and Magazines for sending their message to every(prenominal) location of Australia. Moreover, Red Rooster has been developed in collaboration with Australian Association of National Advertiser (AANA) which company has promoted and protected the interests of advertiser corporation for enhancing their quality of commercial conversation and made relationship with entertainment brands such as DreamWorks, Wanner Brothers and Hasbro for promotion of products to children and th eir pargonnts (Red Rooster, n.d.).Chief Executive Office on QSR is homer LindsayChief Executive Office on Quadrant is Chris HadleyContact soul is Gary GlenWhere is HQOther organizations owned, or associated with themWho is the CEO spokesperson or conform to person?(Be specific this does not require an internal steering structure)what be the cc communication linesIndustry Activities(120 words)Red rooster is leading fast food service in Australia. They try to provide their products as feasible as quickly with high quality, value of service and hygiene which promoter that provide services and foods to customer with high satisfaction and keep macrocosm of their product that focuses on consumer and their life style. Therefore, the aiming is exceeding customer expectations. Seliske, Pickett, Boyce and Janssen (2008) indicated that Food retailers were categorize as full service restaurants, fast food restaurants, sandwich shops, chocolate shops and grocery stores. It shows that fast food restaurant is categorized on retailer so Red Rooster is including on retail industry. Purpose of retail is sales of goods or products directly to purchasers in fixed location where they atomic number 18 organized.What do they doWhat industryWholesale, retail, manufacturer, importer or combination.1.4 Theory Stakeholder (300 words)The master(prenominal) of managing the line of descent activities should understand the directions of influence which managers operate business activities successfully and achieve the organizations objectives in effect and the direction of influence are in in mergedd in stakeholder which is that Freeman (1984) any group or individual who can affect or support by achievement of the organizations objectives. Robert (2003) said that business organizations are among the most virile social entities on the earth. Therefore, the organization should manage and identify stakeholders interest, needfully and mastermind of view (Friedman and miles, 2 006). It shows that the purpose of business activities should consider of maximization stakeholders interesting and their fairness. rough-cut relationship with stakeholders is a crucial for all of organizations which means that building and maintaining friendly relationships with stakeholders is vital component for achievement of companys objectives or goals. First of all, the most important action is that the company should indentify who are our stakeholders because in the business world, different stakeholders including employers, government, financiers and customers outlive and quietly concern with companys business and different stakeholders have different interests for the company so the company is treated differently. Stakeholder possible action is helping to this task. This is because Friedman and Miles (2001) has opinion that stakeholder possibleness or approach has helped to identify and pursuit stakeholder responses to changes in corporate scheme. Moreover, opening of stakeholder suggests the way how managers formulate and implement processes which satisfy all who have a stake in the business (Freeman, 1984). Second important action is do friendship with stakeholders. Mutual relationship with stakeholders is a crucial for achievement of the companys objectives. On the other hand, it has given guarantees the long term success of business activities. Argadona (1998) stated that Stakeholder theory is concerned about activity management of relationships and the promotion of divided interest in order to develop business strategies. It shows that stakeholder theory is laboursaving that the company achieve the business goal stiffly and efficiently.Freeman (1984)Stakeholder theoryIt focuses that the organisation should consider stakeholder interests when they make business strategicBruning Ledingham (2000)Relationship management approachThis approach function builds and maintains organisations relationship with stakeholders (Bruning and Ledingham , 2000)Compatible sign A DefensiveQuadrant Private EquityTop managementType B OpportunismInvestors of Quadrant Private Equity (can check at http//www.quadrantpe.com.au/Investors who is their investors.Westpac BankTrade association (Advertising Federation of Australia, Australian Barramundi Farmers Association, Australian Chicken Meat Federation, Dietitians Association of Australia)EducationalistsIn congenialType D compromiseLow level employeespolitical scienceCustomersCreditorsLabour unionsSuppliers underFinesse Food Pty LtdKailis Organic GroveBarramundi Retailer in ThailandBeverage companies such as Coca-cola, Nestle, need moreType C Elimination unlawful members of the publicAnimal Welfare NGOsType A is necessary compatible relationship which all of these have strong connection with Red Rooster. Therefore, the company should protect relationship with them as a strategyType B is contingent compatible institutional arrangements. Between Red Rooster and group in type B have the same i nterests. However, Red Rooster has no direct relationship with type B group members. An opportunistic strategy is the logical strategy.Type C is contingent incompatible institutional arrangements. Red Rooster has disjointd unconnected and opposed the interests with type D group members. It becomes a problem when one of two parties insists on its position. The strategy should depend the company own interest to seek elimination.Type D is necessary incompatible relations. It occurs when material interests are necessarily related to each other but their operations will lead to the relationship itself existence threatened. The situation logic is concession and compromiseCustomer, employees, local communities, suppliers and distributors, shareholders, business partners, GovernmentWho would be the stakeholders? Plenty of stakeholders incarnate indistinguishability1.6 Theory Corporate IdentityA corporate identity is expressing the companys reality such as event and personality as co nveyed through the organisations name, logotype, motto, products, services, buildings, stationary, uniform and all of physical materials to make out by the organisation and communicate to a variety of constituencies (Argenti, 2009). Identity would be more relation with organisational demeanor and psychology rather than marketing. Strong identity can help the organisation align with the marketplace, attract investment, motivate employees and serves as a means to differentiate their product and services (Melewar and Karaosmannoglu, 2006). It shows that identity is an effective strategic way to gain competitive advantages. However, development corporate identity is difficult. Bridge (2004) stated that a corporate identity is not barely the creation of a logo and some communication material and needs to keep care of it to ensure that it says relevant to the organisation. Furthermore, corporate identity is associated with wide of the mark range of components (see the figure ). It me ans that the organisation should consider various components which are related with corporate identity.Corporate cultureCorporate culture and corporate identity are certainly connected and it is very difficult to separate the two (Melewar and Karaosmanoglu, 2006) because corporate culture help to develop the organisation identity and it is also generated the identity of organisation.Corporate communicationCorporate designCorporate structureCorporate strategyBehaviourControl behaviour employees behaviour is significantly effects on corporate identity.It means that it is the company peculiarity andIn this section you give a definition and discussion of corporate identity theory (and cite the sources).If you read enough you can absorb and introduce different components of what constitutes corporate identify. You whitethorn find some variations in the different theories on this theme and it is proper that you comment and cite them. off sure that you identify the main features from the ory (300 words)1.7 Company identity, activities and toolsRed Rooster is usually located the services are usually for people who do not have enough prison term or short time to eat their foods.It is offering as low prices, limited menu and fast serviceWhat do they do and where do they do it city centres, shop centres, main roads, specialist precincts, industrial vehicle insignias Discuss those company communication activities which are specifically focusing on communicating its identity. Some of these may include slogans, buildings, layout, etc. give examples to illustrate (250 words)Are there differences in use of logo / slogansYou may put a company logo or similar in this sectionFigure 1, Company logo its gotta be red

Just :: essays research papers

At the beginning of this semester, we looked at liberty, privacy and exemption of speech. I engraft this section quite interest, especially since un identical archetypal semester it applied directly to my life. Freedom of speech was a particularly interesting topic to me, because I couldnt work out my opinion on it. When I thought roughly the issue in purely philosophical scathe, I thought that there should be unrestricted immunity of speech and that censorship should be kept to a minimum. scarce when I thought about the issue in relation to the real world, I wasnt so certain. This is matchless of the frustrating things about philosophy - what appears to be philosophically sound in my mind turns out quite differently when applied to the real world. I figure it is in finding a balance that the real difficultness lies. Throughout the course of the first essay, I found myself arguing views that I hadnt thought I believed in - and even now Im not sure if I do. I think sometime s what works philosophically withal cant apply to the real world for considerations that shouldnt have to have a perambulator on the issue but do anyway. In the issue of freedom of speech, I found that philosophically hate-speech doesnt cause any significant harm. But when I think about it in the context of the outside world, I firmly believe that it does. This discrepancy is confusing to me.The unit we studied on eyewitness evidence I found to be kind of modify - I couldnt really relate to a whole lot of level-headed stuff. When it was put in the context of the real-life rape victim I found it much more accessible. The essay topic that I chose seemed a compass rather dull, although it raised interesting side-issues, like the nature of our society. I tried to think why science was regarded as the best way we have to gain knowledge, and came up with a rather dispirit view of society - that it was subject area oriented, money oriented, concerned with facts and figures, things t hat were able to be thought of in terms of quantities. And that we tended to ignore the abstract, the indefinable, the unexplainable. This is why I find philosophy occasionally depressing - it forces me to look at the world in which I live, and not like what I see. And yet it is simultaneously liberating because I can see that finished studying philosophy, I can look at those other aspects and touch off beyond what society thinks.

Desconstruction of the Moderinistic Myth in Quinns Ishmael :: Quinn Ishmael Essays

Desconstruction of the Moderinistic Myth in shipwreck survivor   When I read Daniel Quinns works, Ishmael, Providence, The Story of B, and My Ishmael, I maintain a common theme interweave through unwrap which is to desconstruct the moderinistic myth that we be apart from nature and therefore non subject to natural law. I outweart find Quinns ideas to be much varied from what I read into David Orrs farming in Mind or David Ehrenfelds books Beginning Again and The gravitas of Humanism. I doubt that Quinn, as a writer, thinks for one minute that we are no different from new(prenominal) species who inhabit Earth. Language separates us, and writers probably live on that better than the rest of us. perhaps I shouldnt have grabbed his quotes out of context. Or maybe you had several(prenominal) other reason to be so quick to criticize Quinn. If the manipulation of the word stewardship really instills a hefty dose of love and responsibleness for the natural world, as you suggest it does, I dont call back Quinn or Ehrenfeld or Orr would have more problems with our using it as platform for discussion to move forward. But I suspect that all common chord writers are fearful that most of us dont recount between stewardship and dominion, also that our stewardship will plausibly not be dependable with enough humility--e.g. use of precautionary principles, experience of how little we really know--to repair it a useful starting point. If we roost with stewardship it will be up to us to prove them wrong. Assuming, of course, that they would agree with what Ive alleged on their behalf. Does this smashed we ought to throw away science or management, or even drop by the wayside the word stewardship? No, at least no with regard to science and management. I still wonder about our choice to use the word stewardship. largely Im OK with it, just now only if we take snip to work through the baggage it carries. Mainly, though, we necessitate t o challenge theories, assumptions, and try to stir sure they are grounded. Grounding surmise and practice in pluralistic reality is what my favorite postmodernist writers await to be challenging us to do. But herein hides a problem. My problem. peradventure the writers I am referring to Anderson, Borgmann (Crossing the postmodern Divide), Ehrenfeld, Merchant (The Death of Nature, Ecology see Concepts in Critical Theory), Orr, Quinn and others dont fit the label postmodern deconstructionists.Desconstruction of the Moderinistic Myth in Quinns Ishmael Quinn Ishmael Essays Desconstruction of the Moderinistic Myth in Ishmael   When I read Daniel Quinns works, Ishmael, Providence, The Story of B, and My Ishmael, I find a common theme woven throughout which is to desconstruct the moderinistic myth that we are apart from nature and therefore not subject to natural law. I dont find Quinns ideas to be much different from what I read into David Orrs Earth in Mind or David Ehrenfelds books Beginning Again and The Arrogance of Humanism. I doubt that Quinn, as a writer, thinks for one minute that we are no different from other species who inhabit Earth. Language separates us, and writers probably know that better than the rest of us. Maybe I shouldnt have grabbed his quotes out of context. Or maybe you had some other reason to be so quick to criticize Quinn. If the use of the word stewardship really instills a healthy dose of love and responsibility for the natural world, as you suggest it does, I dont believe Quinn or Ehrenfeld or Orr would have many problems with our using it as platform for discussion to move forward. But I suspect that all three writers are fearful that most of us dont differentiate between stewardship and dominion, also that our stewardship will likely not be practiced with enough humility--e.g. use of precautionary principles, recognition of how little we really know--to make it a useful starting point. If we stay with stewardsh ip it will be up to us to prove them wrong. Assuming, of course, that they would agree with what Ive alleged on their behalf. Does this mean we ought to throw away science or management, or even abandon the word stewardship? No, at least no with regard to science and management. I still wonder about our choice to use the word stewardship. Mostly Im OK with it, but only if we take time to work through the baggage it carries. Mainly, though, we need to challenge theories, assumptions, and try to make sure they are grounded. Grounding theory and practice in pluralistic reality is what my favorite postmodern writers seem to be challenging us to do. But herein hides a problem. My problem. Perhaps the writers I am referring to Anderson, Borgmann (Crossing the Postmodern Divide), Ehrenfeld, Merchant (The Death of Nature, Ecology Key Concepts in Critical Theory), Orr, Quinn and others dont fit the label postmodern deconstructionists.

Importance of the Friars in Much Ado About Nothing and Measure for Meas

grandeur of the Friars in Much Ado well-nigh Nothing and mensuration for MeasureIn the plays Much Ado About Nothing and Measure for Measure, the friars ar important instruments in their respective storyline because of their assumed pure attentiveions of using conjuring trick as a means to right the wrong-doing within the play. They engage the means to administer questionable plans of action because they are respected and trusted. The friars expose all of the confessions therefore, they could know even the deepest of secrets. The friars, or Fathers take on a protective role, a paternal one. They seem to relate more with the youth, or the wronged, who become like children needing guidance in their vulnerable states. When the parents, or as in Measure for Measure, Angelo, must be contradicted, the next highest up in the chain of command is the friar. The friars assume these authoritative roles with great conviction. They seem to mean that they must protect their sheep and figh t evil. Friar Francis of Much Ado About Nothing believes himself to serve as a means for justice, Craft against infirmity I must repay (3.1.57). In a different nation of justice, within different scales of measurement, the Friars offer their non-doctrinal mode of deception to set the serviceman (of the play) in harmony. In Much Ado About Nothing, Friar Francis suggests a peculiar solution to am oddment a horrible situation in which the bride was shamed and jilted. Friar Francis seemed to be the only male who pulled for Heros honor. He believed her when her paternity did non and vied for her innocence when he said, Trust not my age, / My reverence, calling, nor divinity/ If this fragrance lady lie not guiltless here/ Under about biting error (4.1.166-9). He advised that she prete... ...acilitators when they are the only characters whose authority never is questioned. Only they can pull off the deceptive schemes that they do because no one else in the play either can be truste d, or is not in a position of power as the friars are. Friar Francis and Friar Lodowick are not despised in the end because their religious positions allow for them to be trusted in making a just and right decision. The friars restored order. Within the system of justice in which the friars function it is not only just, but necessary, to sin by lying and deceiving, in order for love and harmony to prevail. It then becomes a question of not whether these holy men abuse Christian dogma, but on their intent behind the deceit. Thus craft against vice is the powerful system which allows for deviation concerning sin in order to combat the havoc caused by deception by evil intent.

The Relationship between Learning and Memory :: Papers

Learning to tie shoes and ride a cycle per second involves the encoding, storing, and retrieving of past observations of the procedure. With a lot of practice, children master these skills so well that they are able to remember them the rest of their lives. Memory is the storing of selective development over time. It is mavin of the just about important concepts in learning if things are not remembered, no learning mountain take buttocks. As a process, stock refers to the driving mechanism associated with the retention and retrieval of information about past experiences (Sternberg 260). We routine our warehousing about the past to help us understand the present. The deal or memory in psychological science is used in several(predicate) ways, as well as there are many diametric ways to study how memory works in kinds. In psychology there are many tasks used to measure memory, and different types of memory storages that humans use, such as sensory storing, or short term storing. on that point are also a lot of techniques that humans use to advance their memory, which they can use to learn, such as mnemonic devices. All these things can be classified as important issues in the study of human memory and ways of learning.In studying memory, researchers have devised various tasks that require participants to remember arbitrary information (Merkle). Memory tasks typically involve each recall or recognition. In recall memory you would be asked to invest a fact, a word, or an item from memory. In recognition memory you are asked to identify from various things the correct word, fact, or item. How then do humans remember these things? It involves the human memory process, containing encoding, storing, and retrieving any information cosmos given to us.Encoding is the process of placing information into memory. Storage is the process of retaining information in memory. Getting information out of memory is called retrieval. Out of the three, the most im portant is Encoding, because you must pay attention to the information that you want to place into your memory. It is the starting point, although there are three levels known within this fount step. Fergus Craik and Robert Lockhart proposed three levels for encoding incoming information. They suggested that whether we remember information for a few seconds or a lifetime depends on how deeply we process the information (Internet). The first level is classified as Structural, because information is stored on visual codes. In other words, what information looks like or what is its physical structure.

The Meaning of Home in The Seafarer Essays -- The Seafarer Essays

The Meaning of photographic plate in The seafarer It is important to consider the meaning of floor when analyzing The jackstones. The narrator of this rime seems to whole step a sense of belonging while traveling the sea disdain the fact that he is obviously disillusioned with its sorrows .The main character undergoes a transformation in what he considers alkali and this dramatically affects his sustenance and lifestyle. Towards the subvert of The Seafarer the poet forces us to consider our mortality, and seems to push the notion that life is honest a journey and that we will not truly be at home until we are with God. The first instance of a sense of home in this poem comes with the description of the former life of the narrator in his pre- navigation days. He leaves his old life for some unspecified reason, telling us that he was cut off from his kinsmen, and he talks about this with a definite sense of regret and loss. Winter on the sea is presented as an exile or wrc an1 , a form of punishment where someone is forced to leave their homeland, the place where they belong. It seems that in the early stages of the poem the seafarer identifies his life with his kinsmen on land as his home, the place that he belongs. At first he does not seem content with his seafaring life. During the early descriptions of his time there, it is painted as a life of hardship and penance. Images and adjectives of the sea and life there are harsh and foreboding-ice low temperature, hung round with icicles , fettered with frost. The sea is seen as cold, and not practiced in the physical sense .It is remote, a place of despair , an terrene purgatory, where there is always anxiety . as to what the Lord will play on him2. The narrator is cut away from the comforts ... ... angels6.What ever home we make for ourselves on Earth, we must keep in perspective that it is just temporary. To conclude, there are two main opposing representations and aspects of home presented in this poem, from what is seen as the norm, the narrators life on land, to the favoured, the narrators life at sea. Home is irrevocably linked to lifestyle and should not just be where the centerfield is,(though there is a sense that our Hearts fulfilment is important) but should more significantly be a place where we can live a life that will bring us towards heaven, which the poem portrays as our eternal home. The Seafarer is a poem which urges us to carefully consider where we possess our home, and wherefore think how we com thither. Works Cited Mitchell, Bruce and Robinson, Michael A Guide To Old English, fifth form 1992 , Blackwell Publishers , Oxford .

The Conservation of Energy Essay -- Physics Science Conserving Essays

The preservation of EnergyPhysics Essay The Conservation of Energy Since the beginning of time, vigour has pervaded our earth. These days we rely on it to enhance in our technological developments. We also need energy for a smorgasbord of otherwise things such as to keep our bodies alive and healthy, to run our tools and other technical devices, we also rely on energy to keep nimble in winter and cool in summer. Energy is the ability to do work. People and other things can run out of energy (e.g. a marathon runner) in which case they can no longer hold back the ability to do work. In a mechanical situation, if a machine has energy it has the ability to apply a force to another body. in that location are some(prenominal) different forms of energy and there are many different places by which energy can be garner. Forms of energy let in Potential energy, kinetic energy, gravitational potential energy, elastic potential energy and there are many more. Energy can be gathered in many ways using our natural recourses from the environment, for example solar energy (from the sun) and hydroelectricity (where electricity is gathered by boot piddle) Hydroelectricity is when electricity is generated by rotating coils of wire (rotors) between the poles of a magnet. The rotors are turned by rushing water falling over them. In a hydroelectric plant, water in usually stored in a damn. As the water fall down and rushes over the vanes connected to the rotors it looses gravitational potential energy and ga...