B.F. Skinner Theories of Language Development

lyric whole overhaulment is an important aspect of infantrens former(a) posement as it enhances the sense of belonging, develops confidence, gives them autonomy and independence as they lift off to grow. Also, it helps them to communicate, interact and associate with others in the society and so meet the fate of the required cultural customs of the regions they live in. According to B. F mule driver theories, this development is strongly dependent on the surround of the pip-squeak institution with learning and support forming the core aspect of this early development (William & Ferguson, 2001).His theories fate that novel skills argon attained either finished operant or classical conditioning to the tiddler thereby deepening the effects that these conditions name on the quick environment of the babe. Responses that argon affirmatively reinforced ar easily repeated while those that are punished recur less(prenominal) often in the kidskin manner of speaking and response development (David & Carl, 2004). Although skinners theories are seen to take less consideration of the inherent readiness of the nestling to develop delivery to itself, they have been efficiently applied to many children all over the world.Consequent researches indicate that the immediate environment plays the main role in a childs voice communication development which is the key to future success at all times. Autistic children have difficulties in studying the language, learning how to interact with others and whitethorn be characterized by unusual repetitive movements. Skimmer theories require that remark is used on these children for their language development to improve. Autistic children educate through optimistic and negative backing have indicated improved levels of comprehension to their responses and de incision development.Early stages operant conditioning As skinner theories suggest, language deficient autistic children requires more attention from their early stages of development compared to others. The family members and the mothers especially moldiness send high attention to them with the aim of assisting their language development (William & Ferguson, 2001). During the crying and cooing stage, it is trying to establish the children that are autisic but keen mothers can be adequate to tell if their children are deficient.Caregivers therefore, must assess and try to understand the child for early assistance to be availed thereby reducing late language development. The basic communication essence of the baby may be contrary and the mother must adopt the correct rhythm to understand the child and making it comfortable. David & Carl (2004) notes that, crying changes with age as the child progresses while cooing starts at the age of six months. The voluntary behavior at this stage is therefore highly improved with the child being able to associate with limited aspects and people.Delayed presentation and early generalizatio n should be slowly adopted by the mother and the immediate early handlegivers to the child (William & Ferguson, 2001). Use of negative and despotic musical accompaniment William & Ferguson (2001) argues that immediately after babbling, the parents and the caregivers should have fully understood the child status and then subject him to specific input signal link to the virtually recurrent events like eating, suckling and his immediate people familiar to him.Teachers and caregivers should quail the number of words and withal minimize the rate of introduction of new words to the child. Increased personalized attention must be boost for the child to comprehend the new establishment necessary for his language development. Reinforcing stimulus should also be associated with the duration of time the child is taking to understand contrastive aspects of the language (Wilma & Pauline, 2000). Negative reinforcement increases the concentration for the child and reduces his unresponsiv eness to different aspects relating to his requirements.The child easily identifies with the environment he is ground in and with advanced reinforcement, he may be able to increase his ability to identify more people apart from his mother. Besides, positive reinforcement should also be slowly introduced with care to gauge the child responsiveness to the different stimulus that relate to his immediate surrounding (David & Carl, 2004). Generalization and follow up. Children embrace the linguistic competences when they have access to languages environment either at home, school day or playing with other children.The cultural organized activities serve as acquisition support system for the autisic child (Jeanine & Tony, 2007). Community and early childhood supporters must start from the general aspect of the child to the specific catch where the child can be able to communicate freely with the easing of the people. They act as the mediators to the child language where self regulat ion based on the observed feedback is used to determine the progress (Wilma & Pauline, 2000).Though the phonology of the child may take longer compared to other children, pronunciation, intonation and rules for combining syllables accordingly develop with this assistance. Others may have more difficulty with the semantics especially for unite sentences. As indicated earlier, the efforts should be based on the basis of the immediate environment and more reinforcement emphasized for blistering development. The motherese assistance should be lengthened even after the babies have exceeded the age for intensive care and support from the mother and the caregivers.Training and assessment. According to William & Ferguson (2001), autisic children requires more assistance through training for their language to fully develop and be able to communicate good with others. The child having grown and being attended to by his teachers, the extended mands are important for the child to achieve hig her levels of understanding during its later development. The teachers therefore, must comprehend the child condition and increase the personal assistance in the quest for this development.Assessment at this stage assist the caregivers and the trainers to understand the level of the child response in relation to different aspects that surround him. To add to that, reinforcement should be heightened to raise the child response and intrigue its ability for check comprehension. Turn about strategy should be employed especially for the children with unplayful autisic conditions. The subjects should be changed for the child to comprehend issues and language commands.Playing mode should be change magnitude to assist the child to easily comprehend interconnections between personality, emotions and other requirements of funda kind interaction in the society faster (Jeanine & Tony, 2007). Behavior registration. Advancements are attained with the childs mental development with time and th erefore, the caregivers and the society should increase the call for behavior modification in the child response and language progress. Previously, negative reinforcement are employed with punishment being associated to the wrong actions.Modification calls for shift in the finish of the reinforcement mode for the children where good actions are encouraged through positive reinforcement that are healthier by providing the child with appropriate behavioural guidelines. This method benefits the child and the parents as well as the society where the impacts related to the children behavior are positive. Autisic children respond faster and positively to the positive behavioural modifications application and may serve to increase their ability to fully develop their language (David & Carl, 2004).People in the immediate surrounding of the child, must however adjust to the positive reinforcement method to reduce confusion to the child. Jeanine & Tony (2007) notes that, new ideologies and l anguage aspects are been easy to learn for the child at this stage overdue to changes in the approach mode and application of the positive reinforcement. However, skinner theories do not address clearly how deprivation is related to reinforcement in the child language development especially for the children with language learning disabilities.Identification of these reinforcement have lacked the the accuracy and completeness which establishes the beginning and the exact ending period of the process. Also, reinforcement should include simplistic and widely applicable procedures with the autisic children requiring specific directional and specific application of the theories (Wilma & Pauline, 2000). Conclusion. As supported by the paper, application of the Skinners theories is highly effective for the autisic children in developing their language for their communication and easier relationship with the society.Through understanding of the process, the immediate caregivers of the chi ld must assist the autisic child to develop the language faster. The child entirely depends on them and the society in the latter years for language and other physical development. Assistance to the child must be extended to the immediate teachers who handle the child and the change of negative reenforcement to the positive one (William & Ferguson, 2001). Environment of the child especially the immediate children, caregivers and the society are required to offer maximum support to the child for better and faster development of his language.Finally, Cooperation of the people in the society is ac core part of the language development and their participation is of great importance for these children to develop their language with ease. References. David, P. & Carl, C. (2004). Behavior Analysis and learn. Washington. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. Jeanine, M. & Tony, D. (2007). Models of Teaching Connecting Student Learning with Standards. New York. Sage. William, T. & Ferguson, K. (2001 ). The psychological science of B. F. Skinner. New York Sage. Wilma, V. & Pauline , L. (2000). Handbook on Child Development. New York. Thomson Learning Nelson.