Managing Technology Essay

Q1.a. let off briefly astir(predicate) Managing engineering science.Answer Managing engine room involves cin one casepts like revolutionary venture, understructure, and question and R&D cornerstone. We can order that applied science is the serviceable tool which secures the environment and also acts as an instrumentate which converts the natural resources in to useful goods. This is the important factor which affects the growth of an organization. & thats why managing engine room is essential for either organization. Some issues related to the Managing technologies draw below * applied science and long-term cycles in that respect argon some economists who present that technology affects growth and recession in the origination economy. The infrastructure is useful for maturation of the technologies. When the downturn starts to come up again then organizations has to come out the capital equipment that is based on the parvenu technologies. * Technology and compar ative valueAt the national level, the firms will gull more value when it has some(prenominal) the comparative advantage and also the technical lead. any the other companies from the world look for your organization. There atomic number 18 some of the emerging technologies that guard to be dealt when you argon discussing about managing technology. The emerging technologies are the new technologies that are past considered critical for forgivingitys future.b. Explain whatsoever two alternatives for getting new technologies. We are presently living in the competitive world. The organizations have to use the advanced technologies to remain in competitive merchandise of today, for long. The technology managers have less time, fewer resources and more problems for the slaying of the technology. There are many alternatives for acquiring the internal and external technologies. Some of these mentioned are the dress hat * Develop technology in-houseThis involves go upment of the technology within the house. In this, the phoner has to make an estimate of the financial be that are associated with the Research and discipline (R&D) and the cost of the opport social unities that are associated with R&D. This also assesses the suitability of the employees for the new cast * Enter into joint venturesWe know that many of the companies share the costs of the new technology in the similar way, the benefits are also shared. The membership of the look into gets more attraction when the risks are uplifted and the costs are heavy. There will be existence of very good relationship mingled with the key supplier and the major customer.Q2.a. Explain in brief about the six phases in technology forecasting function.Answer- According to our working definitions, the main function of the technology is to lead the decision making process towards fat solutions with minimum uncertainties Six phases of technology forecasting are* Identification of necessarily After ident ifying the expected outputs and the objectives of the future, a positive analysis is done in order to make sure the relevance of technology forecasting. * Prepare swan In this phase, the forecasting activities that are planned and resources are aloneocated. The roles of each human resource are carefully prepared and explained.. * Define objectives This phase once again goes through the objectives that are delimitate in the first and siemens phases. This phase decides the dimensions of the forecast.* Perform analysis and develop Technology Forecast (TF) This is the cardinal part of the present research. In this phase, we start with defining the boundaries of the clever outline that has to be forecasted. * Validate results in these steps forecasting process is to authorize results. This includes the customer satisfaction with the results of TF. * Application of TF The last phase in the expert forecast is the application of TF. This computes mainly on the unavoidably and the formulated objectives. b. What are the benefits of technology absorption?The benefits that we get from technology absorption exercises, as show by Government and industry experiences are * Repeated collaborations for the same fruit/ process are avoided. * Acquisition of further technologies becomes selective. * Ability is developed to unpackaged the technology* Savings can be affected in contrary exchange due to use of indigenous alternatives. * Effective utilization is make of available indigenous research expertness and facilities to achieve the desired results * Know-why and technology up gradation capabilities are built-up * Technically competent conferences of scientists and engineers trained in technology absorption get matured and strengthened * The base for technological self-reliance is enhanced. We gain the benefits of technology diffusion, ranging from R&D services to the bigger sales. * Industry should attempt to obtain best available technology encompassing(pre nominal) to international trends and go away R&D at the stage of jump out proviso. * Speedy indigenization of raw materials and components* Efforts for unpack aging and indigenization of tailor-made equipment in the acquired technology * Enhancing exports of products based on absorbed and upgraded technology. * use of national and international research facilities and expertise * Involving users, suppliers of components and materials, research organizations in undertaking absorption exercises. Q3. Explain in brief about the innovation focusing.Answer- We can define innovation watchfulness as the system of rulesatic processes that help the organizations in developing new and improve products, services and telephone circuit processes. This involves the use of creative ideas of an organization employee that brings new innovations to the market place, loyally and efficiently. In business, innovation should not be only hold in to the big ground breaking ideas, creative worksho ps and product based companies. diversity is often small, incremental changes to products, services and processes. The innovation involves all the managers from different departments. This aims to be planned and managed as a core business book binding all parts of a business. This needs to be integ treasured at the strategic and operational levels.The activities of the innovation need to be driven by the dodging and current business imperatives. The supremacyful innovation civilization consists of all the aspects of a business, and these aspects have to be managed effectively and efficiently like any other core business. Innovation can be built into business, at three levels. The three levels are the annual business planning process, quarterly innovation and day-to-day activities. Innovation is managed through some sort of curriculum or application. There are two types of innovation tools that are, an electronic tincture scheme, and a management system controlling the innov ation process. The management of the innovation system needs to be given to the senior management to control the overall system of innovation.The best practices and tools are applied consistently and fitly across the organization. Any platform should encourage for the learning activity as a core feature. Installing the innovation culture in any of the family has leaders and teams with ability and commitment. In order to create culture of continuous innovation, the organization requires leadership and commitment from the senior management team. The management team also sees that some module members in the organization are rewarded for the modernistic ideas they put in. The senior management needs to encourage the mod ideas from the staff. Q4. Explain the implementation of new technology.Answer- Sound planning is essential for the success of any technologys implementation. The failures that are likely to arise during the implementation process may be due to the poor planning or in adequate resources. Valuing the conflicts will facilitate the organization to keep away from these problems, and for the management, to bode the likely trouble spots and ease it accordingly. There are a number of less-substantial activities, which are critical and people those are involved must 1.Have an understanding of the organization predominantly, in terms of its traditions and precepts are essential.2.The underlying principle of any new system implementation should be able to fork up all the better services to all concerned through it. 3. This instruction has to be conversed to all concerned parties.4.A complete review of every business processes and, where required, academic practice, and developing and introducing new policies before tuning the system to pile up the decided urgencys should be undertaken. 5. The complete approval of the difficulty and flexibility of the system should be determined.6. The inbuilt dangers of customization of any software should be underst ood. 7. A thorough system test procedures should be conducted, musical composition accepting the likely need for software malfunction and improvements. 8. The training and development to be conducted for the internal staff should be planned in advance.9.The users must be trained, to use the system. provision and implementation A thorough plan with efficient management is requisite for success, and to work against the fear of high costs, extended time, losing key persons and common discomposure with the result Considerations for implementation Be aggressive An important consideration when implementing a new technology is to be aggressive to redress up a strong competitive edge Be cautious If the new elect technology provides revenue to your business, then it is necessary to be careful while making any major modifications in the new technology. Be quick It is important for you to be quick enough to implement the small changes to your chosen technology and to supervise their im pact. Be slow If major changes affect your business, it is resilient to make the implementation changes slowly. Be safe During the implementation of a new technology, the better time to address the potential security needs is at the time of design and development. It is better to employ a security expert who will take care of the privacy of the organization.Q5. Briefly describe technological development options and strategies Answer- A soils technology development dodge is determined by identifying the technological needs with potential technological developments in the world and a thorough assessment of available and emerging technologies. Then, the sphere determines a strategy to import technologies which can be produced locally. Now, there is a universal realization that unless a concerted attempt is made to configuration local technological capabilities for absorbing imported technologies, any attempt to develop indigenous technologies encounters enormous difficulties. Eve n with regard to imported technology, it is essential for a country to be able to select, digest, adapt and improve it for local consumption.All of these efforts justify greater priority and allocation of resources to R&D. A requirement for efficient utilization of R&D resources is the development of technological infrastructure within the country, including institution building, manpower development, and provision of support facilities and creation of a modern environment Whether or not an organization would generate or develop its own technology and with what intensity it would follow, the efforts in this respect would depend upon technology strategy it has planned or adopted. Though the term strategy is commonly used as an antonym of tactics it actually implies long-term, businesslike and interconnected efforts. Technology Strategy may accordingly be defined as a strategy to deal with the technology and related issues at macro and micro levels, with respect to set objectives.Let us have a quick overview of types of technology strategies Macro-level strategy- At macro level, each country outlines and adopts a technology strategy to achieve its political, economic and social objectives and translates the same into action through appropriate policies and mechanisms. Micro-level strategy-The extraordinary range and potential uses of modern-day technology have important consequences for industrial and commercial firms. The industrial and organisational disorder produced by technological change, and increased international competitive pressures provide threats and opportunities for firms. An effective strategic approach to technology allows firms to cope better with these changes, and reduces the threats and insecurities confront them and their employees.The basic role of technology strategy in business planning is to help ask the questions like what business the corporation plans to be in and how it should be positioned? Effective planning identifies the pres ent decisions required to create coveted and competitive corporate futures. In particular, technology strategy must auspicate the transient impact of technological innovation on the future competencies of the corporation.Q6. Explain Technology DevelopmentAnswer- Though, longly speaking, the D of R&D covers Technology Development the latter has much wider implication. Process- The various stages of technology development process or life cycle is starting from the generation of ideas in the R&D department. We may observe that this process is tedious and requires top management commitment and support from outside. Risk factor is large and the success rate depends upon the quality of inputs provided to the R&D department. Technology Development ApproachesThe approaches of technology development-* In-house R&D Technology development activities are generally carried out through setting up of separate in-house R&D units within the business, managed and headed by a well-qualified and exp erienced chief, directly reporting to the top management. However, this unit has close interactions with other departments within the company and there could even be exchange of personnel among different departments. * Co-operative R&D A group of companies in a particular industrial sector promotes an R&D digest as a society or a non-profit making company. The R&D is funded by the participating companies and the government. This R&D centre undertakes R&D as per the requirements of the companies in their larger interest, and sets up expertise and facilities of common nature and which are usually expensive.* Contract research A company may contract components of technology development to suitable R&D organizations, academic institutions, or consultants or experts. The in-house R&D unit may coordinate the progress of the activities, to develop the desired technologies. This approach usually requires considerable internal technological and managerial capabilities coupled with strong intelligence and Technology (S&T) information base. * R&D collaboration A company may collaborate with another company in areas of common interest, if costs of development are high. Such inter-firm collaborative R&D efforts are becoming common in developed countries mainly due to high costs and shorter technology life cycles.It is found in areas such as micro-electronics, materials, and information technologies. * Research societies Large corporations or industrial houses may set up independent research societies, in addition to their in-house R&D units. Such societies may undertake R&D activities mostly relating to the broad interests of the promoting companies in line with the national interests. Research companies Large firms of technology innovative industrialists may support research companies, specifically for conducting research and development of technologies for others on commercial basis. The development costs and reasonable profits are aged from the sale and transfer of t echnologies.